Thermodynamic analysis and injection molding of hierarchical superhydrophobic polypropylene surfaces
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Can Weng
Abstract
In this study, thermodynamic analysis of the hierarchical structure of the 3D cylinder-textured surface model was performed. The wetting states at different penetration depths, the effects of three components on the wetting properties, and all equilibrium contact angle of the hierarchical structure were investigated. It was found that the interaction between micropillars and nanopillars can affect the transition energy barrier and the transition pitch in the wetting-state transition process. This showed that all components would play a key role in enhancing the surface hydrophobicity. Polypropylene (PP) surfaces with mono micropillars and hierarchical structures were both fabricated by injection molding. Mold inserts for hierarchical structures were obtained by the combination of a punching plate and an anodized aluminum alloy plate. The static contact angle (CA) and the roll-off angle of injection-molded PP surfaces were measured and analyzed from the perspective of thermodynamic analysis. With the hierarchical structures, a static CA of about 163° as well as a roll-off angle of about 5° was approached. Compared with a mono micropillar-structured PP surface, the hierarchical-structured PP surface has a larger static CA and a smaller roll-off angle. The work demonstrates an inexpensive and reproducible technique to fabricate function-designed controlled hierarchical structures on PP material.
Funding source: National Natural Science Foundation of China
Award Identifier / Grant number: 51775562
Award Identifier / Grant number: 51305465
Funding statement: The authors would like to acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos.: 51775562 and funder id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, 51305465).
Nomenclature
- E
Normalized Gibbs energy (NGE) of the system (J)
- Ec
Gibbs energy (GE) of the composite state
- Enc
GE of the noncomposite state
- dE
Normalized transition Gibbs energy barrier (GEB) (J)
- ΔE
The difference of GE between noncomposite and composite states
- Fsys
GE of the system (J)
- fSL
Area fraction of solid-liquid interface
- g
Gravitational acceleration (m/s2)
- L
Radius of the base area of the drop on the surface (m)
- r
Roughness ratio
- rcap
Capillary length of drop radius (m)
- Sla
Contact area of the liquid-air interface (m2)
- Ssa
Contact area of the solid-air interface (m2)
- Ssl
Contact area of the solid-liquid interface (m2)
- Ssurface
Surface area of patterned structure
- VTOP
Liquid volume on the top of the roughness (m3)
- VP
Total liquid volume that has penetrated into the pores (m3)
- z
Penetration depth of liquid (m)
- θC
Cassie apparent contact angle (°)
- θW
Wenzel apparent contact angle (°)
- θY
Young’s contact angle or intrinsic contact angle (°)
- ρ
Density (kg/m3)
- γsa
Interfacial energy per unit area of the solid-air interface (J/m2)
- γsl
Interfacial energy per unit area of the solid-liquid interface (J/m2)
- γla
Interfacial energy per unit area of the liquid-air interface (J/m2)
- CA
Contact angle (°)
- ECA
Equilibrium contact angle (°)
- FE-SEM
field emission scanning electron microscope
- GE
Gibbs energy (J)
- GEB
Gibbs energy barrier (J)
- NGE
Normalized Gibbs energy (J)
- PP
polypropylene
Author contributions: Can Weng wrote the manuscript; Jin Yang edited this manuscript and performed the experiments; Fei Wang carried out the thermodynamic analysis; Tao Ding assisted in performing experiments and analyzed the data; Zhanyu Zhai directed the research and helped to revise the manuscript. The manuscript was finalized through contributions from all authors, and all authors have approved the final manuscript.
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©2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Material properties
- Characterization and mechanism of accelerated curing of adhesives by in situ ultrasonic vibration for bonded joints
- Effects of tension fatigue on the structure and properties of carbon black filled-SBR and SBR/TPI blends
- New fire-resistant epoxy thermosets: nonisothermal kinetic study and flammability behavior
- Preparation and assembly
- The layer-structure transition of glass-fiber-reinforced composite materials
- Geraniol and cinnamaldehyde as natural antibacterial additives for poly(lactic acid) and their plasticizing effects
- Formation of PA12 fibres via melt electrospinning process: parameter analysis and optimisation
- Flexible epoxy composite coatings modified by reactive rubber with improvements in water and corrosive resistances
- Nanocrystalline cellulose prepared by double oxidation as reinforcement in polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels
- Engineering and processing
- Improvement of stability and release of (-)-epicatechin by hot melt extrusion
- Thermodynamic analysis and injection molding of hierarchical superhydrophobic polypropylene surfaces
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Material properties
- Characterization and mechanism of accelerated curing of adhesives by in situ ultrasonic vibration for bonded joints
- Effects of tension fatigue on the structure and properties of carbon black filled-SBR and SBR/TPI blends
- New fire-resistant epoxy thermosets: nonisothermal kinetic study and flammability behavior
- Preparation and assembly
- The layer-structure transition of glass-fiber-reinforced composite materials
- Geraniol and cinnamaldehyde as natural antibacterial additives for poly(lactic acid) and their plasticizing effects
- Formation of PA12 fibres via melt electrospinning process: parameter analysis and optimisation
- Flexible epoxy composite coatings modified by reactive rubber with improvements in water and corrosive resistances
- Nanocrystalline cellulose prepared by double oxidation as reinforcement in polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels
- Engineering and processing
- Improvement of stability and release of (-)-epicatechin by hot melt extrusion
- Thermodynamic analysis and injection molding of hierarchical superhydrophobic polypropylene surfaces
