Cavitation desulfurization in vulcanized rubber recycling under ultra-high pressure water jet
-
Shouxu Song
Abstract
Ultra-high pressure water jet is proposed for recycling of vulcanized waste rubber, and cavitation desulfurization in the recycling process is analyzed. The chemical effects of mechanical shearing, pyrolysis, free radical oxidation, and supercritical oxidation produced by bubble collapse are considered the main causes of desulfurization. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance test, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to determine the performance of rubber powder. Gel fraction of rubber powder is measured to analyze the effect of jet pressure on desulfurization. Results indicate that the vulcanized rubber could achieve partial desulfurization. The glass transition temperature of the rubber powder slightly increases after crushing. With the increase of jet pressure, the gel fraction of rubber powder initially decreases and then increases, as well as achieves a minimum value at the jet pressure of nearly 220 MPa, which is ideal for desulfurization.
Funding source: National Natural Science Foundation of China
Award Identifier / Grant number: 51175139
Funding statement: This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51175139).
Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51175139).
References
[1] Ishiaku US, Chong CS, Ismail H. Polym. Test. 1999, 18, 621–633.10.1016/S0142-9418(98)00060-9Search in Google Scholar
[2] Tzoganakis C, Zhang Q. GPEC 2004, 49, 1–11.10.1002/j.2325-3584.2004.tb02609.xSearch in Google Scholar
[3] Isayev AI, Yushanov SP, Chen J. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1996, 59, 803–813.10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19960131)59:5<803::AID-APP7>3.0.CO;2-#Search in Google Scholar
[4] Scuracchio CH, Waki DA, da Silva MLCP. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 2007, 87, 893–897.10.1007/s10973-005-7419-8Search in Google Scholar
[5] Zhao WJ, Zhang X, Chen DS. China Rubber/Plast. Technol. Equip. 2000, 26, 7–12.Search in Google Scholar
[6] Nima S, Hamid A, George I. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2006, 102, 119–127.10.1002/app.23259Search in Google Scholar
[7] Saleh TA, Al-Saadi AA. Surf. Interface Anal. 2015, 47, 785–792.10.1002/sia.5775Search in Google Scholar
[8] Jiang GM, Zhao SH, Luo JY, Wang YQ, Yu WY, Zhang CR. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2010, 116, 2768–2774.Search in Google Scholar
[9] Saleh TA. J. Water Supply Res. T. 2015, 64, 892–903.10.2166/aqua.2015.050Search in Google Scholar
[10] Saleh TA, Gupta VK. Adv. Colloid Interfac. 2014, 211, 93–101.10.1016/j.cis.2014.06.006Search in Google Scholar
[11] Gupta VK, Ali I, Saleh TA, Nayak A, Agarwal S. RSC Adv. 2012, 2, 6380–6388.10.1039/c2ra20340eSearch in Google Scholar
[12] Yang MG, Wang YL, Kang C, Yu F. Chin. J. High Press. Phys. 2010, 24, 286–292.Search in Google Scholar
[13] Flint EB, Suslick KS. Science 1991, 253, 1397–1399.10.1126/science.253.5026.1397Search in Google Scholar
[14] Lin Z, Peng SX, Zhao XB, Zhang ER, Wu T. Spec. Purpose Rubber Prod. 2013, 34, 62–65.Search in Google Scholar
[15] Zeng HQ, Luo YG, Wen BC, Lian YX, Jiang YQ. Appl. Acoust. 2002, 21, 35–39.Search in Google Scholar
[16] Li YH, Zhao SH, Wang YQ. Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 2011, 96, 1662–1668.10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.06.011Search in Google Scholar
[17] Li J, Chen HS. Tribology 2008, 28, 311–315.10.3736/jcim20080318Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[18] Deng SS, Lei FD, Li ZJ, Shen YH. Environ. Prot. 2011, 29, 81–84.Search in Google Scholar
[19] Zhang FH, Liao ZF, Tang CL, Yang L. J. Chongqing Univ. 2004, 27, 32–35.Search in Google Scholar
[20] Yun J, Isayev AI, Kim SH, Tapale M. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2003, 88, 434–441.10.1002/app.11741Search in Google Scholar
©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original articles
- Preparation of epoxy/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer/short carbon fiber composites with a self-made conical mixer
- Preparation and characterization of poly (amide-ester-imide)/Na+-MMT nanocomposite via ultrasonic method
- Polyurethane membrane with a cyclodextrin-modified carbon nanotube for pervaporation of phenol/water mixture
- Fabrication of chitosan/PEO nanofiber mats with mica by electrospinning
- Effect of cooling induced crystallization upon the properties of segmented thermoplastic polyurethanes
- Conductivity and dielectric analysis of nanocolloidal polypyrrole particles functionalized with higher weight percentage of poly(styrene sulfonate) using the dispersion polymerization method
- Mechanism and solutions of appearance defects on microfluidic chips manufactured by UV-curing assisted injection molding
- Effect of gas counter pressure on shrinkage and residual stress for injection molding process
- Ablation and mechanical investigation of heat vulcanizing silicone rubber (HVSR) composite containing carbon fibers
- Cavitation desulfurization in vulcanized rubber recycling under ultra-high pressure water jet
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original articles
- Preparation of epoxy/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer/short carbon fiber composites with a self-made conical mixer
- Preparation and characterization of poly (amide-ester-imide)/Na+-MMT nanocomposite via ultrasonic method
- Polyurethane membrane with a cyclodextrin-modified carbon nanotube for pervaporation of phenol/water mixture
- Fabrication of chitosan/PEO nanofiber mats with mica by electrospinning
- Effect of cooling induced crystallization upon the properties of segmented thermoplastic polyurethanes
- Conductivity and dielectric analysis of nanocolloidal polypyrrole particles functionalized with higher weight percentage of poly(styrene sulfonate) using the dispersion polymerization method
- Mechanism and solutions of appearance defects on microfluidic chips manufactured by UV-curing assisted injection molding
- Effect of gas counter pressure on shrinkage and residual stress for injection molding process
- Ablation and mechanical investigation of heat vulcanizing silicone rubber (HVSR) composite containing carbon fibers
- Cavitation desulfurization in vulcanized rubber recycling under ultra-high pressure water jet
