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Water-soluble flexible organic frameworks: synthesis, characterizations and functions

  • Yue-Yang Liu , Zhi-Min Lv , Shang-Bo Yu ORCID logo , Jia Tian and Zhan-Ting Li ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: June 13, 2025
Pure and Applied Chemistry
From the journal Pure and Applied Chemistry Volume 98 Issue 1

Abstract

Water-soluble flexible organic frameworks (FOFs) can be constructed from multi-topic cationic, anionic or neutral, hydrophilic components through the quantitative formation of dynamic hydrazone or disulfide bond. FOFs have been revealed to possess intrinsic porosity, hydrophobic interior, and controllable nano-sizes. They function well as homogeneous nano-sponges for including proteins, DNA, residual drugs, such as neuromuscular blocking agents and heparins, and endotoxin. Their nano-sizes endow the frameworks with good ability for intracellular delivery of the included proteins and DNA and for the design of self-delivering prodrugs, while efficient inclusion of residual drugs can be utilized to develop FOF antidotes for inactivating the residual drugs. This review summarizes the design, preparations, characterizations and biofunctions of this family of dynamic covalent polymers.

Keywords: Antidote; dynamic covalent bond; flexible organic framework; ICPOC-26; intracellular delivery; porous polymer
Corresponding author: Zhan-Ting Li, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China, e-mail:
Article note: A collection of invited papers based on presentations at the International Conference on Physical Organic Chemistry held on 18–22 Aug 2024 in Beijing, China.

Funding source: National Natural Science Foundation of China

Award Identifier / Grant number: 21921003

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: Yue-Yang Liu, Zhi-Min Lv, Shang-Bo Yu and Jia Tian wrote the draft, prepared and adapted the figures. Zhan-Ting Li finalized the manuscript and provided the funding.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interest: The author states no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21921003).

  7. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2025-05-01
Accepted: 2025-05-22
Published Online: 2025-06-13
Published in Print: 2026-01-23

© 2025 IUPAC & De Gruyter

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. IUPAC Technical Report
  3. A brief guide to polymer terminology (IUPAC Technical Report)
  4. Special Issue: International Conference on Physical Organic Chemistry; Guest Editors: Lei Jiao and Sanzhong Luo
  5. Review Articles
  6. Non-ruthenium catalysts based self-oscillating gels driven by the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction
  7. Topological innovation in molecular design: advances in Möbius architectures for functional materials
  8. Research Articles
  9. Fluorescent discrimination for snake venom via a dual-mode supramolecular sensor array
  10. Machine learning predictions for regioselectivity of hydroformylation reactions: leveraging limited data for high-precision results
  11. Virtual transition states
  12. Water-soluble flexible organic frameworks: synthesis, characterizations and functions
  13. Stepwise or concerted? One-bond-nucleophilicity and -electrophilicity parameters for the mechanistic analysis of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions
  14. Radical-enhanced intersystem crossing, spin dipolar interaction and electron exchange in perylenebisimide-TEMPO dyads
  15. Monte Carlo modeling of heteropolysaccharides using MD-informed disaccharide data: application to keratan sulfate
https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2025-0508
Keywords for this article
Antidote; dynamic covalent bond; flexible organic framework; ICPOC-26; intracellular delivery; porous polymer

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. IUPAC Technical Report
  3. A brief guide to polymer terminology (IUPAC Technical Report)
  4. Special Issue: International Conference on Physical Organic Chemistry; Guest Editors: Lei Jiao and Sanzhong Luo
  5. Review Articles
  6. Non-ruthenium catalysts based self-oscillating gels driven by the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction
  7. Topological innovation in molecular design: advances in Möbius architectures for functional materials
  8. Research Articles
  9. Fluorescent discrimination for snake venom via a dual-mode supramolecular sensor array
  10. Machine learning predictions for regioselectivity of hydroformylation reactions: leveraging limited data for high-precision results
  11. Virtual transition states
  12. Water-soluble flexible organic frameworks: synthesis, characterizations and functions
  13. Stepwise or concerted? One-bond-nucleophilicity and -electrophilicity parameters for the mechanistic analysis of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions
  14. Radical-enhanced intersystem crossing, spin dipolar interaction and electron exchange in perylenebisimide-TEMPO dyads
  15. Monte Carlo modeling of heteropolysaccharides using MD-informed disaccharide data: application to keratan sulfate
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