Startseite RSM optimization of spray-coating parameters to enhance paper strength using cellulose nanocrystals extracted from young coconut husks
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RSM optimization of spray-coating parameters to enhance paper strength using cellulose nanocrystals extracted from young coconut husks

  • Pilaipon Nuthongkum , Russameeruk Noonuruk , Atipong Bootchanont , Porramain Porjai , Chakkaphan Wattanawikkam , Sorapong Pavasupree , Nopparat Tatmala , Nattapong Chanchula , Wisanu Pecharapa und Prasopporn Junlabhut EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 4. Juni 2025
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Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal
Aus der Zeitschrift Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal Band 40 Heft 3

Abstract

This study optimizes spray-coating parameters for cellulose nanocrystals extracted from young coconut husks onto paper substrates using response surface methodology. CNCs were produced through acid hydrolysis and mechanical grinding, yielding nanocrystals with an average size of 116 nm and a crystallinity index increase from 28.89 % to 86.13 %. XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed high purity, while UV-vis revealed significant optical absorption in the UV range. Spray-coating parameters, including CNC concentration, volume, heating temperature, and heating duration, were optimized using a central composite design. The 2FI model revealed that CNC concentration and heating duration significantly affected film thickness, where higher CNC levels and longer heating durations produced thicker coatings. However, excessive CNC content led to agglomeration, compromising film quality. The quadratic model highlighted a significant relationship between coating parameters and tensile strength. Heat treatment notably enhanced mechanical properties, with optimal tensile strength reaching 26.15 ± 0.61 MPa-15 % higher than uncoated paper-under conditions of 4 % w/v CNC concentration, 1.5 ml volume, 75 °C heating temperature, and 35 min heating duration. This research highlights the potential of CNCs from young coconut husks as a sustainable reinforcement material, promoting agricultural waste valorization and enhancing paper properties.

Keywords: response surface methodology; young coconut husks; cellulose nanocrystals; extracted cellulose; spray coating
Corresponding author: Prasopporn Junlabhut, Department of Applied Physics, Rajabhat Rajanagarindra University, Chachoengsao, Thailand, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by The Science, Research and Innovation Promotion Funding (TSRI) (Grant no. FRB660012/0168). This research block grant was managed under Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (FRB65E0622I.2). The authors would like to thank Rajabhat Rajanagarindra University and RDI:RRU (Research and Development Institue Rajabhat Rajanagarindra University) for their support in the location and publication process. The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Pratthana Intawin from Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi for providing support in conducting the mechanical measurements.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. PJ: Data curation; Formal analysis; Validation and Writing. RN: Methodology; Validation; Roles/Writing-original draft. AB: Project administration; Validation. PP: Project administration; Validation. CW: Project administration; Validation; Roles/Writing - original draft. SP: Supervision; Validation. NT: Investigation; Methodology; Validation. NC: Investigation; Methodology; Validation. WP: Supervision; Validation. PN: Conceptualization; Formal analysis; Methodology; Software; Validation; and Writing - review & editing.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: None declared.

  7. Data availability: Data is available from the authors on reasonable request.

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Received: 2025-01-28
Accepted: 2025-05-27
Published Online: 2025-06-04
Published in Print: 2025-09-25

© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Bleaching
  3. A new strategy for biological enzyme bleaching: combined effects of laccase, xylanase, and mannanase in the bleaching of softwood kraft pulp – a synergistic effect of enzymes
  4. Mechanical Pulping
  5. Characterization of the low consistency pulp refining conducted by the plates with different bar-groove width ratios
  6. Paper Technology
  7. On the influence of macro-scale stress variations on the dynamic dewatering of water-saturated polymer fibre networks
  8. Effects of dispersion hydrophobized MgO nanoparticles in low polarity solvent on aged paper
  9. Preparation and properties of effective low-cost composite filler for bible paper
  10. Paper Physics
  11. Normal and shear delamination of paperboards
  12. Micro-CT analysis of creased and folded multilayer cardboard
  13. Paper Chemistry
  14. Preparation of MgO/CaCO3 nanocomposites and their deacidification properties for paper documents
  15. Effects of sequential plasma modification and alkali treatment applied to cellulose fibers on the properties of the paper
  16. Coating
  17. Production of nano silver and nano silica coated paper to be used in active packaging
  18. Insights into bibliometric review for natural coatings for paper-based food packaging: trends, perspectives, and future directions
  19. RSM optimization of spray-coating parameters to enhance paper strength using cellulose nanocrystals extracted from young coconut husks
  20. Chemical Technology/Modifications
  21. NSSC pulp treatment with the Fenton reaction: fiber modification for reduced energy consumption in papermaking
  22. Other
  23. Fenton degradation of biologically pre-treated pulp and paper effluent using zero-valent iron from commercial steel wool
  24. Corrigendum
  25. Corrigendum to: Preparation and synthesis of water-soluble chitosan derivative incorporated in ultrasonic-assistant wheat straw paper for antibacterial food-packaging
https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2025-0005
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
response surface methodology; young coconut husks; cellulose nanocrystals; extracted cellulose; spray coating

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Bleaching
  3. A new strategy for biological enzyme bleaching: combined effects of laccase, xylanase, and mannanase in the bleaching of softwood kraft pulp – a synergistic effect of enzymes
  4. Mechanical Pulping
  5. Characterization of the low consistency pulp refining conducted by the plates with different bar-groove width ratios
  6. Paper Technology
  7. On the influence of macro-scale stress variations on the dynamic dewatering of water-saturated polymer fibre networks
  8. Effects of dispersion hydrophobized MgO nanoparticles in low polarity solvent on aged paper
  9. Preparation and properties of effective low-cost composite filler for bible paper
  10. Paper Physics
  11. Normal and shear delamination of paperboards
  12. Micro-CT analysis of creased and folded multilayer cardboard
  13. Paper Chemistry
  14. Preparation of MgO/CaCO3 nanocomposites and their deacidification properties for paper documents
  15. Effects of sequential plasma modification and alkali treatment applied to cellulose fibers on the properties of the paper
  16. Coating
  17. Production of nano silver and nano silica coated paper to be used in active packaging
  18. Insights into bibliometric review for natural coatings for paper-based food packaging: trends, perspectives, and future directions
  19. RSM optimization of spray-coating parameters to enhance paper strength using cellulose nanocrystals extracted from young coconut husks
  20. Chemical Technology/Modifications
  21. NSSC pulp treatment with the Fenton reaction: fiber modification for reduced energy consumption in papermaking
  22. Other
  23. Fenton degradation of biologically pre-treated pulp and paper effluent using zero-valent iron from commercial steel wool
  24. Corrigendum
  25. Corrigendum to: Preparation and synthesis of water-soluble chitosan derivative incorporated in ultrasonic-assistant wheat straw paper for antibacterial food-packaging
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