Startseite Effect of fine fibers on secondary fibers and recycled paper
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

Effect of fine fibers on secondary fibers and recycled paper

  • Ya Zhang , Yuxin Liu ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Jizhen Huang ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Kai Li , Liangliang An , Jianquan Hu und Wanruo Lei
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 17. November 2023
Veröffentlichen auch Sie bei De Gruyter Brill

Abstract

Recycled paper has become increasingly used as a raw material in the paper industry. However, hornification limits its application. Herein, the effect of recycling on the mechanical properties and microstructure of khasi pine pulp was systematically studied. The mechanical properties deteriorated and water retention value decreased after recycling. X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that cellulose crystallinity increased and partial cocrystallization occurred on cellulose microfibrils. Through the analysis of the morphology of secondary fibers by FQA, the loss of fine fibers caused by each reuse was found. Using the filtration method to prepare the recycled paper reduced the loss of fine fibers and improved the mechanical properties, with the tensile strength of a sample prepared using a sand core filter unit for five cycles (8.37 MPa) being like that of a sample prepared using a paper machine after one cycle. The investigation of the internal structure of the paper showed that the retained fine fibers were bonded between the long fibers, promoting the bonding between the fibers. Fine fibers improve the curling and twisting of fibers to some extent, especially in the first three recycling cycles. The hornification phenomenon of recycled paper was studied from the viewpoint of the fiber components, which is important to promote the development and application prospect of recycled paper.


Corresponding authors: Yuxin Liu and Jizhen Huang, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China, E-mail: ,

Award Identifier / Grant number: 22178155

Funding source: National Natural Science Foundation of China

Award Identifier / Grant number: Unassigned

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22178155).

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interests: The authors states no conflict of interest.

  4. Research funding: This work was supported by National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China. (http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100014717; 22178155) and National Natural Science Foundation of China.

  5. Data availability: Not applicable.

References

Back, E.L. (1967). Thermal auto-crosslinking in cellulose material. Pulp Pap 68: 165–171.Suche in Google Scholar

Chandra, R.P., Wu, J., and Saddler, J.N. (2019). The application of fiber quality analysis (fqa) and cellulose accessibility measurements to better elucidate the impact of fiber curls and kinks on the enzymatic hydrolysis of fibers. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 7: 8827–8833, https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b00783.Suche in Google Scholar

Chen, B., Chen, F., Ciais, P., Zhang, H., Lu, H., Wang, T., Chevallier, F., Liu, Z., Yuan, W., and Peters, W. (2022). Challenges to achieve carbon neutrality of China by 2060: status and perspectives. Sci. Bull. 67: 2030–2035, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2022.08.025.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Chen, Z., Xie, Z., and Jiang, H. (2023). Extraction of the cellulose nanocrystals via ammonium persulfate oxidation of beaten cellulose fibers. Carbohydr. Polym. 318: 121129, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121129.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Dai, F., Kahrl, F., Gordon, J.A., Perron, J., Chen, Z., Liu, Z., Yu, Y., Zhu, B., Xie, Y., Yuan, Y., et al.. (2023). US-China coordination on carbon neutrality: an analytical framework. Clim. Policy. 23: 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2023.2200379.Suche in Google Scholar

Dai, P.-F., Xiong, X., Toan Luu Duc, H., and Wang, J. (2022). The impact of economic policy uncertainties on the volatility of European carbon market. J. Commod. Mark. 26: 100208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomm.2021.100208.Suche in Google Scholar

Du, C., Li, H., Liu, B., Chen, J., Hu, J., and Zeng, J. (2022). Effect of beating degree of fiber on the development of porosity in polyacrylonitrile-based activated carbon fiber paper. Diamond Relat. Mater. 128: 109228, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2022.109228.Suche in Google Scholar

Durães, A.F.S., Moulin, J.C., Dias, M.C., Mendonça, M.C., Damásio, R.A.P., Thygesen, L.G., and Tonoli, G.H.D. (2020). Influence of chemical pretreatments on plant fiber cell wall and their implications on the appearance of fiber dislocations. Holzforschung 74: 949–955, https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2019-0237.Suche in Google Scholar

Figueiredo, A., Evtuguin, D., and Saraiva, J. (2010). Effect of high pressure treatment on structure and properties of cellulose in eucalypt pulps. Cellulose 17: 1193–1202, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-010-9454-2.Suche in Google Scholar

Forsström, J., Andreasson, B., and Wågberg, L. (2005). Influence of pore structure and water retaining ability of fibres on the strength of papers from unbleached kraft fibres. Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 20: 176–185, https://doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2005-20-02-p176-185.Suche in Google Scholar

Fu, H., Mo, W., Yu, M., Li, B., and Chen, K. (2023). Recovery of the structure, characteristics, and application of thermal drying-deteriorated cellulose fibers. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 11: 3841–3849, https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c07049.Suche in Google Scholar

Fu, Y., Wang, R., Li, D., Wang, Z., Zhang, F., Meng, Q., and Qin, M. (2014). Changes in the microstructure and properties of aspen chemi thermomechanical pulp fibres during recycling. Carbohydr. Polym. 117: 862–868, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.10.036.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Hui, R., Wenxuan, M., and Bo, L. (2023). Effect of surfactants on the cellulosic fiber characteristics during paper recycling. Cellulose 30: 1–15.10.1007/s10570-023-05384-5Suche in Google Scholar

Isogai, A., Akishima, Y., Onabe, F., and Usuda, M. (1991). Structural changes of amorphous cellulose by thermal and hydrothermal treatments. Sen’i Gakkaishi 47: 573–579, https://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.47.11_573.Suche in Google Scholar

Jayme, G. and Hunger, G. (1956). Verhornungserscheinungen an Cellulosefaserstrukturen in elektronenoptischer Sicht. Monatsh. Chem. 87: 8–23, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00903586.Suche in Google Scholar

Kato, K.L. and Cameron, R.E. (1999). A review of the relationship between thermally-accelerated ageing of paper and hornification. Cellulose 6: 23–40, https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009292120151.10.1023/A:1009292120151Suche in Google Scholar

Laivins, G. and Scallan, A. (1993). The mechanism of hornification of wood pulps. Prod. Papermak. 2: 1235–1260.Suche in Google Scholar

Laksono, A.D., Ernawati, L., Abdullah, R., Hardianti, S., Agustina, T., LubisWardhani, M.P.D.I.Y., and Hassan, N.H. (2022). Physical and mechanical characteristics of composite woods fiber-based polyester binders. J. Wood Chem. Technol. 42: 371–380, https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2113538.Suche in Google Scholar

Li, C.-D., Chen, Z.-F., and Cui, S. (2018). Optimization of the number of beating revolutions for centrifuged glassfiber wet-laid mat. Mater. Manuf. Processes 33: 1306–1312, https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2015.1090593.Suche in Google Scholar

Li, J., Yang, X., Xiu, H., Dong, H., Song, T., Ma, F., Feng, P., Zhang, X., Kozliak, E., and Ji, Y. (2019). Structure and performance control of plant fiber based foam material by fibrillation via refining treatment. Ind. Crops Prod. 128: 186–193, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.10.085.Suche in Google Scholar

Li, J., Liu, Y., Sun, B., and Zhang, R. (2020). Improving the wet strength of hemicelluloses based composite films by citric acid crosslinking. J. Wood Chem. Technol. 41: 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2020.1847147.Suche in Google Scholar

Lu, Z., Yao, C., Xie, F., Si, L., Jia, F., Huang, J., Wang, Y., and Ma, Q. (2019). Highly flexible and conductive sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/silver nanowires composite films. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 31: 2353–2359, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-02768-x.Suche in Google Scholar

Malachowska, E., Lipkiewicz, A., Dubowik, M., and Przybysz, P. (2023). Which wastepaper should not Be processed? Sustainability 15: 2850, https://doi.org/10.3390/su15042850.Suche in Google Scholar

Manandhar, S., Shrestha, B., Sciortino, F., Ariga, K., and Shrestha, L.K. (2022). Recycling waste paper for further implementation: XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDS studies. J. Oleo Sci. 71: 619–626, https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess21396.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Mo, W., Chen, K., Yang, X., Kong, F., Liu, J., and Li, B. (2022). Elucidating the hornification mechanism of cellulosic fibers during the process of thermal drying. Carbohydr. Polym. 289: 119434, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119434.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Nagl, M., Haske-Cornelius, O., Bauer, W., Nyanhongo, G.S., and Guebitz, G.M. (2023). Enhanced energy savings in enzymatic refining of hardwood and softwood pulp. Energy Sustain. Soc. 13: 19, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-023-00398-0.Suche in Google Scholar

Newman, R.H. (2004). Carbon-13 NMR evidence for cocrystallization of cellulose as a mechanism for hornification of bleached kraft pulp. Cellulose 11: 45–52, https://doi.org/10.1023/b:cell.0000014768.28924.0c.10.1023/B:CELL.0000014768.28924.0cSuche in Google Scholar

Östlund, Å., Köhnke, T., Nordstierna, L., and Nydén, M. (2009). NMR cryoporometry to study the fiber wall structure and the effect of drying. Cellulose 17: 321–328, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-009-9383-0.Suche in Google Scholar

Przybysz, P., Dubowik, M., Kucner, M.A., Przybysz, K., and Przybysz Buzała, K. (2016). Contribution of hydrogen bonds to paper strength properties. PLoS One 11: e0155809, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155809.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Qin, S., Chen, Y., Tao, S., Zhang, C., Qin, X., Chen, P., and Qi, H. (2022). High recycling performance of holocellulose paper made from sisal fibers. Ind. Crops Prod. 176: 114389, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114389.Suche in Google Scholar

Schieppati, D., Patience, N.A., Galli, F., Dal, P., Seck, I., Patience, G.S., Fuoco, D., Banquy, X., and Boffito, D.C. (2023). Chemical and biological delignification of biomass: a review. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 62: 12757–12794, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.3c01231.Suche in Google Scholar

Singh, S. and Roy, D.N. (1996). The effect of recycling on chemical properties of the thermomechanical pulp. J. Wood Chem. Technol. 16: 421–437, https://doi.org/10.1080/02773819608545824.Suche in Google Scholar

Toba, K., Yamamoto, H., and Yoshida, M. (2013). Crystallization of cellulose microfibrils in wood cell wall by repeated dry-and-wet treatment, using X-ray diffraction technique. Cellulose 20: 633–643, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-012-9853-7.Suche in Google Scholar

Wistara, N. and Young, R.A. (2000). Properties and treatments of pulps from recycled paper. Part I. Physical and chemical properties of pulps. Cellulose 6: 291–324, https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009221125962.10.1023/A:1009221125962Suche in Google Scholar

Yilmaz, U., Tutus, A., and Sonmez, S. (2021). Fiber classification, physical and optical properties of recycled paper. Cellul. Chem. Technol. 55: 689–696, https://doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2021.55.58.Suche in Google Scholar

Yuan, C., Chen, Y., Liu, D., Lv, W., and Zhang, Z. (2023). The basic mechanical properties and shrinkage properties of recycled micropowder UHPC. Materials 16: 1570, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041570.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Zhao, D., Yang, F., Dai, Y., Tao, F., Shen, Y., Duan, W., Zhou, X., Ma, H., Tang, L., and Li, J. (2017). Exploring crystalline structural variations of cellulose during pulp beating of tobacco stems. Carbohydr. Polym. 174: 146–153, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.060.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed


Supplementary Material

This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0062).


Received: 2023-10-05
Accepted: 2023-10-26
Published Online: 2023-11-17
Published in Print: 2024-03-25

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Heruntergeladen am 30.9.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/npprj-2023-0062/html
Button zum nach oben scrollen