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Water uptake as a fuel for soft actuators from cellulose

  • Lisa Lopes da Costa and Ana Villares ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: November 17, 2023
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Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal
From the journal Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal Volume 39 Issue 1

Abstract

Water plays an important role in the properties of cellulose. In materials design, the water uptake of cellulose has been traditionally seen as a drawback, since water reduces mechanical resistance of paper and cardboard, and at high hydration, cellulose-based products are disintegrated. However, recently, the hydration of cellulose has been considered as an advantage to design water-responsive soft actuators. In Nature, water is the fuel for several plant functions that involve motion, such as the seed release or the plant protection from high temperature and radiation. Inspired by these natural systems, cellulose-based actuators have been designed to display different movements (bending, twisting, curling) in response to water. Biopolymer structuration inducing anisotropy within the system allows the asymmetric expansion of layers, which results in macroscopic movement. This review gives an overview of the soft actuators triggered by the hydration/dehydration processes of cellulose. We present representative examples of water-triggered natural actuators, which have inspired researchers to design anisotropic cellulose-based materials that develop controlled movement in response to water.

Keywords: cellulose nanofibers; nanocellulose; swelling; water adsorption; water responsive
Corresponding author: Ana Villares, UR1268 BIA, INRAE, F-44316, Nantes, France, E-mail:

Funding source: Conseil Régional du Pays de la Loire

Funding source: Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully thank the financial support of Conseil Régional des Pays de la Loire and Transform Division from the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. Conceptualization, A.V.; funding acquisition, A.V.; writing-original draft, A.V.; writing-review and editing, L.L.C.

  3. Competing interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

  4. Research funding: Conseil Régional des Pays de la Loire and Transform Division from the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment.

  5. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2023-07-03
Accepted: 2023-11-06
Published Online: 2023-11-17
Published in Print: 2024-03-25

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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Keywords for this article
cellulose nanofibers; nanocellulose; swelling; water adsorption; water responsive

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Biorefining
  3. Organic acid fractionation of hardwoods planted in social forestry
  4. Paper Technology
  5. Effect of fine fibers on secondary fibers and recycled paper
  6. Paper Chemistry
  7. Increased recyclability of wet strengthened liquid packaging board, through synergetic effects of combining CMC and PAE – a case study in full scale
  8. Packaging
  9. Printable active packaging film with Pelargonium graveolens oil
  10. Chemical Technology/Modifications
  11. Water uptake as a fuel for soft actuators from cellulose
  12. Miscellaneous
  13. Nanofibers/reduced graphene oxide/polypyrrole for High-performance electrode material
  14. Chemical properties, crystallinity, and fiber biometry of Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) wood for pulp raw material: the effect of age and position
  15. Penetration and spreading of graphene oxide ink in rice paper enabling its unique expressiveness in Chinese paintings
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