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Fracture characteristics of various concrete composites containing polypropylene fibers through five fracture mechanics methods

  • Alireza Hosseini Mehrab holds a MSc in civil engineering and works at the Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.

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    Seyedmahdi Amirfakhrian holds a MSc in civil engineering and works at the Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.

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    M. Reza Esfahani is a Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.

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Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 9. Januar 2023
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Abstract

This paper investigates and compares the experimental results of fracture characteristics in various polypropylene fiber-reinforced concretes (high strength concrete, lightweight concrete, and engineered cementitious composite) on 90 three-point bend (notched and un-notched) beams. Five widely used fracture mechanics testing methods, such as work of fracture method, stress-displacement curve method, size effect method, J integral method, and ASTM E399, were used to investigate the fracture behavior. Results have demonstrated that fracture energy and fracture toughness improved as the dosage of polypropylene fibers increased in concretes. However, this improvement was different in concretes owing to various results of fracture mechanics testing methods and different properties of each concrete. Aggregates played significant role in the performance of polypropylene fibers on the fracture behavior of concretes. Among testing methods, the ASTM E399 showed the lowest values for the fracture toughness of concretes. Both work of fracture and stress-displacement curve methods exhibited appropriate results for the fracture energy of polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete composites. The accuracy of size effect method was acceptable for determining size-independent fracture parameters of plain high strength and lightweight concretes. Furthermore, the J integral method showed more relevant results for the fracture toughness of polypropylene fiber-reinforced engineered cementitious composite.

Keywords: engineered cementitious composite; fracture energy; high strength concrete; polypropylene fibers; size effect method
Corresponding author: M. Reza Esfahani, Department of Civil Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran, E-mail:

Funding source: Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

Award Identifier / Grant number: M. Reza Esfahani

Funding source: Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

Award Identifier / Grant number: Unassigned

About the authors

Alireza Hosseini Mehrab

Alireza Hosseini Mehrab holds a MSc in civil engineering and works at the Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.

Seyedmahdi Amirfakhrian

Seyedmahdi Amirfakhrian holds a MSc in civil engineering and works at the Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.

M. Reza Esfahani

M. Reza Esfahani is a Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.

Acknowledgement

The support from the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also gratefully acknowledge Chakad Kansar Kavan Elika Company and Zhikava Company for their supports.

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

  3. Data availability statement: The most datasets generated and analyzed in this research are compromised in the submitted manuscript. The other datasets are available on reasonable request from the corresponding author.

  4. Conflict of interest statement: The authors state no conflict of interest.

Appendix

Raw data obtained from various beams for determining the fracture parameters from each testing method

Table A.1:

Raw data for 350 × 100 × 100 mm3 notched beams for determining WFM fracture parameters.

Mixtures Final deflection δ0 (mm) Area A (N m) Mass m (kg)
δ 01 δ 02 δ 03 A 1 A 2 A 3 m 1 m 2 m 3
HSC 0.89 1.082 0.93 1.0435 1.0515 1.0075 8.825 8.532 8.255
LWC 0.73 0.883 0.912 0.5919 0.6052 0.6333 6.64 6.751 6.68
PFHSC-1 4.943 4.94 4.693 4.4464 4.5876 3.2019 8.542 8.378 8.05
PFLWC-1 4.765 4.747 4.985 3.4193 5.0224 4.3193 6.611 6.764 6.47
PFECC-1 11.675 10.986 11.88 21.1594 16.4233 25.4361 6.94 6.846 6.76
PFECC-2 14.174 12.089 14.306 19.375 30.4821 30.1306 6.53 6.643 6.362
Table A.2:

Raw data for 350 × 100 × 100 mm3 notched beams for determining JIM fracture parameters.

Mixtures Peak-load P t (N) Deflection δ t up to P t (mm) Area A t (N m)
P t1 P t2 P t3 δ t1 δ t2 δ t3 A t1 A t2 A t3
HSC 6210 5250 7050 0.079 0.074 0.089 0.3568 0.3084 0.4783
LWC 3360 3420 3730 0.107 0.077 0.099 0.238 0.192 0.3551
PFHSC-1 6200 5360 6980 0.116 0.079 0.099 0.5207 0.876 0.5367
PFLWC-1 3250 3790 3960 0.075 0.063 0.135 0.3661 0.3624 0.5996
PFECC-1 3050 2440 3040 2.242 1.91 2.903 5.5658 3.865 7.5089
PFECC-2 2460 3950 3340 2.329 2.781 3.068 4.7078 8.0957 8.432
Table A.3:

Raw data for 350 × 100 × 100 mm3 un-notched beams for determining JIM fracture parameters.

Mixtures Load P u identical to P t (N) Deflection δ u up to P u (mm) Area A u (N m)
P u1 P u2 P u3 δ u1 δ u2 δ u3 A u1 A u2 A u3
HSC 6210 5250 7050 0.019 0.015 0.02 0.0595 0.04 0.0453
LWC 3360 3420 3730 0.014 0.017 0.013 0.0299 0.0311 0.0333
PFHSC-1 6200 5360 6980 0.03 0.017 0.025 0.1036 0.0417 0.0937
PFLWC-1 3250 3790 3960 0.017 0.016 0.018 0.0416 0.0422 0.0433
PFECC-1 3050 2440 3040 0.055 0.058 0.061 0.1337 0.1511 0.1607
PFECC-2 2460 3950 3340 0.034 0.037 0.029 0.1125 0.1303 0.0842
Table A.4:

Raw data for geometrically similar notched beams for determining SEM fracture parameters.

Mixtures d (mm) Peak loadP j (N) Mass m (kg) Corrected peak load P j 0 (N)
P 1 P 2 P 3 m 1 m 2 m 3 P 1 0 P 2 0 P 3 0
HSC 70 5850 5370 5010 2.347 2.269 2.197 5860.5 5380.2 5019.9
140 8630 8870 8050 9.39 9.076 8.789 8672.1 8910.7 8089.4
280 13460 13250 14230 37.559 36.304 35.155 13628.4 13412.8 14387.7
LWC 70 3670 3850 3580 1.766 1.795 1.777 3677.9 3858.1 3588
140 6490 5660 6240 7.065 7.182 7.108 6521.7 5692.2 6271.9
280 9870 9730 9420 28.26 28.728 28.43 9996.7 9858.8 9547.5
PFHSC-1 70 5780 5470 5250 2.32 2.17 2.15 5790.4 5479.7 5259.6
140 8620 8840 9180 9.19 8.97 8.56 8661.2 8880.2 9218.4
280 14160 14780 14340 36.411 35.32 33.15 14323.2 14938.3 14488.6
PFLWC-1 70 3820 3950 4450 1.721 1.798 1.756 3827.7 3958.1 4457.9
140 7070 7730 6650 6.884 7.193 7.023 7100.9 7762.3 6681.5
280 11990 11110 10780 27.536 28.771 28.09 12113.5 11239 10906
PFECC-1 70 2830 2680 3020 1.771 1.773 1.78 2837.9 2687.9 3028
140 4720 4580 4910 7.06 7.143 7.071 4751.6 4612 4941.7
280 8110 7300 7670 28.44 28.48 28.55 8237.2 7427.2 7797.7
PFECC-2 70 3330 3280 3190 1.733 1.734 1.721 3337.8 3287.8 3197.7
140 5110 5620 4840 6.514 6.471 6.62 5139.2 5649 4869.7
280 9310 8770 9240 27.712 27.84 27.592 9434.1 8894.5 9363.6
Table A.5:

Raw data for geometrically similar notched beams for investigating size effect on fracture energy of SDCM.

Depth d (mm) Total fracture energy GFII (N m−1) Mixtures
HSC LWC PFHSC-1 PFLWC-1 PFECC-1 PFECC-2
70 GFII1 897.27 471.95 3758.67 5141.88 14450.64 20332.21
GFII2 808.38 459.46 4234.61 4993.52 15127.13 18323.04
G FII3 709.01 386.47 3551.45 5227.75 16064.35 18011.26
140 G FII1 900.27 525.21 5063.95 5070.39 16614.37 25230.1
G FII2 856.02 490.87 4253.41 4909.4 13949 17494.29
G FII3 961.95 475.21 3728.49 4669.44 15922.87 15568.91
280 G FII3 850.67 544.42 3285.33 4565 16121.8 19158.51
G FII2 965.49 548.25 4390.52 4604.45 15143.01 18914.92
G FII3 824.95 526.77 3756.95 4714.95 18229.03 20336.31

  1. G FII is the total fracture energy obtained from SDCM and the numbers 1, 2, and 3 means the number of specimens.

Table A.6:

Raw data for 350 × 100 × 100 mm3 notched beams for determining SDCM fracture parameters.

Mixtures Final deflection δ0 (mm) Fracture energy GFII (N m−1)
δ 01 δ 02 δ 03 G FII1 G FII2 G FII
HSC 0.89 1.082 0.93 1046.1 1054 1030.5
LWC 0.73 0.883 0.912 593.4 606.9 634.9
PFHSC-1 4.943 4.94 4.693 4457.3 4598.8 3209.8
PFLWC-1 4.765 4.747 4.985 3426.7 5036.7 4331.4
PFECC-1 11.675 10.986 11.88 21211.2 16463.1 25498.4
PFECC-2 14.174 12.089 14.306 19422.5 30366.1 30204.4
Table A.7:

Raw data for geometrically similar notched beams for determining size effect on fracture energy of WFM.

Mixtures d (mm) Final deflection δ0 (mm) Mass m (kg) Area A (N m)
δ 03 δ 02 δ 01 m 1 m 2 m 3 A 3 A 2 A 1
HSC 70 0.69 0.705 0.67 2.347 2.269 2.197 0.75 0.676 0.593
140 0.83 0.91 0.91 9.39 9.08 8.793 1.432 1.506 1.61
280 1.25 1.21 1.13 37.558 36.30 35.161 2.846 3.23 2.76
LWC 70 0.65 0.67 0.515 1.766 1.795 1.777 0.396 0.384 0.323
140 0.789 0.726 0.85 7.065 7.182 7.108 0.878 0.821 0.857
280 0.89 0.95 0.96 28.26 28.728 28.43 1.821 1.834 1.762
PFHSC-1 70 4.914 4.916 4.73 2.315 2.17 2.146 3.143 3.54 2.97
140 4.897 4.854 4.959 9.188 8.97 8.562 8.46 7.115 6.236
280 4.976 4.835 4.914 36.37 35.285 33.15 10.99 14.69 12.56
PFLWC-1 70 4.798 4.47 4.506 1.721 1.798 1.756 4.3 4.207 4.395
140 4.312 4.89 4.841 6.884 7.193 7.023 8.495 8.211 7.838
280 4.933 4.968 4.819 27.536 28.771 28.09 15.27 15.402 15.772
PFECC-1 70 8.765 9.551 8.692 1.77 1.765 1.78 12.085 12.65 13.92
140 8.984 9.443 11.6 7.06 7.135 7.07 27.788 23.33 26.631
280 14.87 14.972 14.895 28.4 28.396 28.485 53.93 50.654 60.98
PFECC-2 70 9.52 9.533 7.22 1.728 1.731 1.72 17 15.352 15.062
140 11.462 7.884 7.739 6.51 6.47 6.617 42.198 29.26 26.04
280 11.132 12.694 13.464 27.68 27.792 27.575 64.087 63.272 71.997

Figure A.1: Linear regression line for each concrete.
Figure A.1:

Linear regression line for each concrete.

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Published Online: 2023-01-09
Published in Print: 2023-01-27

© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. A holistic view on materials
  3. Influence of pulsed laser beam welding in vacuum on the mechanical properties of non-grain oriented electrical steel sheets
  4. Fracture characteristics of various concrete composites containing polypropylene fibers through five fracture mechanics methods
  5. Influence of heat input on hot cracking sensitivity of the EA395-9 filler metal
  6. Effects of cubic boron nitride (c-BN) nanoparticle addition on the wear properties of carbon FRP composites
  7. Fatigue performances of helicopter gears
  8. Surface quality improvement at selective laser melting AlSi10Mg by optimizing single point diamond turning parameters
  9. Effect of diffusion bonding time on microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar Ti6Al4V titanium alloy and AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel joints
  10. Deformation mechanism of AZ91 alloy during compression at different temperatures
  11. Tensile shear fracture load bearing capability, softening of HAZ and microstructural characteristics of resistance spot welded DP-1000 steel joints
  12. Nanoparticle effects on post-buckling behaviour of patched hybrid composites
  13. High-speed tensile tests on high-manganese steel at low temperatures
  14. A novel hybrid flow direction optimizer-dynamic oppositional based learning algorithm for solving complex constrained mechanical design problems
  15. Effect of the substrate surface and coating powder hardness on the formation of a cold sprayed composite layer
https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2022-0210
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
engineered cementitious composite; fracture energy; high strength concrete; polypropylene fibers; size effect method

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. A holistic view on materials
  3. Influence of pulsed laser beam welding in vacuum on the mechanical properties of non-grain oriented electrical steel sheets
  4. Fracture characteristics of various concrete composites containing polypropylene fibers through five fracture mechanics methods
  5. Influence of heat input on hot cracking sensitivity of the EA395-9 filler metal
  6. Effects of cubic boron nitride (c-BN) nanoparticle addition on the wear properties of carbon FRP composites
  7. Fatigue performances of helicopter gears
  8. Surface quality improvement at selective laser melting AlSi10Mg by optimizing single point diamond turning parameters
  9. Effect of diffusion bonding time on microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar Ti6Al4V titanium alloy and AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel joints
  10. Deformation mechanism of AZ91 alloy during compression at different temperatures
  11. Tensile shear fracture load bearing capability, softening of HAZ and microstructural characteristics of resistance spot welded DP-1000 steel joints
  12. Nanoparticle effects on post-buckling behaviour of patched hybrid composites
  13. High-speed tensile tests on high-manganese steel at low temperatures
  14. A novel hybrid flow direction optimizer-dynamic oppositional based learning algorithm for solving complex constrained mechanical design problems
  15. Effect of the substrate surface and coating powder hardness on the formation of a cold sprayed composite layer
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