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Künstliche Intelligenz im Strafvollzug: Zulässigkeit, Bedarf und Ethik multimodaler Überwachung im Kontext der österreichischen Justiz

  • Robert Rothmann ORCID logo EMAIL logo and Elisabeth Mayer
Published/Copyright: July 1, 2024

Zusammenfassung

Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich der Analyse multimodaler KI-Anwendungen im Strafvollzug zur Erkennung von selbst- und fremdgefährdendem Verhalten. Ausgangspunkt der Untersuchung ist ein entsprechendes Forschungsprojekt, das jüngst in österreichischen Justizanstalten durchgeführt wurde. In der Abhandlung der Thematik wird zunächst eine Beschreibung der Technologie vorgenommen und die damit verbundene Zielsetzung erläutert. Darauf aufbauend erfolgt eine Prüfung der rechtlichen Zulässigkeit, in welcher auf datenschutzrechtliche Aspekte ebenso Bezug genommen wird wie auf die spezifischen Vorgaben des österreichischen Strafvollzuggesetzes und den aktuellen Entwurf einer Verordnung zur Regulierung von KI auf europäischer Ebene. Darüber hinaus wird der praktische Bedarf des Technologieeinsatzes analysiert, wobei sich die Überlegungen auf empirische Einblicke und Gespräche in den Vollzugsanstalten stützen. Die Analyse mündet in einer interdisziplinären Diskussion der Verhältnismäßigkeit des Technologieeinsatzes sowie damit verbundenen ethischen Abwägungen in Bezug auf die Menschenwürde.

Abstract

This article is dedicated to the analysis of multimodal AI applications in prisons for the prevention of violence and suicide scenarios. The starting point of the analysis is a research project that was recently carried out in Austrian prisons. Therefore, we first provide a short description of the applied technology and the associated project objectives. Subsequently the legal admissibility of the technology in question is examined, referring to data protection law as well as to specific legal requirements of the Austrian penal system and the current version of the proposal for an Artificial Intelligence Act on the European level. In addition, the practical need for the use of said technology is analysed, whereby the considerations are based on empirical insights on everyday prison life. The analysis concludes with an interdisciplinary discussion of the proportionality of the envisioned technology and related ethical considerations regarding human dignity.


Anmerkung

Für hilfreiche Hinweise, kritische Diskussion und Unterstützung in der Recherche danken wird insb Markus Kastelitz, Madeleine Müller, Philipp Poindl sowie David Schneeberger.


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