Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy of annealed tungsten
-
Mahnaz Torabi
,
Samad Sobhanian
Abstract
Three samples of 99.97% pure rolled tungsten were annealed at 700 °C, 1000 °C, and 1400 °C in a vacuum of about 10−6 mbar for 1 h. Then the effects of annealing were investigated. For this purpose, defects and their structure in the three annealed samples and the as-received sample, were studied, characterized, and compared by the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) technique. A large number of mono-vacancy and cavity defects were determined in the as-received sample. The results show that by increasing the temperature, the density, and size of the defects drastically decreased, and their structure changed to dislocation/vacancy loops. The structure and status of defects in annealed samples are almost constant. τave with a 40% decrease in 1400 °C compared to as-received, indicates the beginning of removing defects from tungsten at the temperature of 1400 °C.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to express their deepest gratitude to the Dr E. Yahaghi for her contribution in PALS measurements.
-
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
-
Research funding: None declared.
-
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
References
Biganeh, A., Kakuee, O., Rafi-Kheiri, H., Lamehi-Rachti, M., Sheikh, N., and Yahaghi, E. (2020). Positron annihilation lifetime and Doppler broadening spectroscopy of polymers. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 166: 108461, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108461.Suche in Google Scholar
Brusa, R.S., Deng, W., Karwasz, G.P., and Zecca, A. (2002). Doppler-broadening measurements of positron annihilation with high-momentum electrons in pure elements. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 194: 519–531, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(02)00953-9.Suche in Google Scholar
Cassidy, D.B., Deng, S.H.M., Tanaka, H.K.M., and Mills, A.P.Jr. (2006). Single shot positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. Appl. Phys. Lett. 88: 194105, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2203336.Suche in Google Scholar
Debelle, A., Barthe, M.F., and Sauvage, T. (2008). First temperature stage evolution of irradiation-induced defects in tungsten studied by positron annihilation spectroscopy. J. Nucl. Mater. 376: 216–221, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.03.002.Suche in Google Scholar
Monge, M.A. and Del Rio, J. (1994). Position annihilation in Kapton source-supporting foils. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 6: 2643, https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/6/13/021.Suche in Google Scholar
Nambissan, P.M.G. and Sen, P. (1992). Positron annihilation study of the annealing behaviour of alpha induced defects in tungsten. Radiat. Eff. Defect Solid 124: 215–221, https://doi.org/10.1080/10420159208220193.Suche in Google Scholar
Ogorodnikova, O.V., Yu Dubov, L., Stepanov, S.V., Terentyev, D., Funtikov, Yu.V., Shtotsky, Yu.V., Stolbunov, V.S., Efimov, V., and Gutorov, K. (2019). Annealing of radiation-induced defects in tungsten: positron annihilation spectroscopy study. J. Nucl. Mater. 517: 148–151, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.02.010.Suche in Google Scholar
Puska, M.J. and Nieminent, R.M. (1983). Defect spectroscopy with positrons: a general calculational method. J. Phys. F Met. Phys. 13: 333.10.1088/0305-4608/13/2/009Suche in Google Scholar
Slugeǹ, V., Segers, D., De Bakker, P.M.A., De Grave, E., Magula, V., Van Hoecke, T., and Van Waeyenberge, B. (1999). Annealing behaviour of reactor pressure-vessel steels studied by positron-annihilation spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. J. Nucl. Mater. 274: 273–286, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(99)00073-2.Suche in Google Scholar
Uytdenhouwen, I., Schwarz-Selinger, T., Coenen, J.W., and Wirtz, M. (2016). Mechanical and microstructural changes in tungsten due to irradiation damage. Phys. Scripta 2016: 014007, https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/T167/1/014007.Suche in Google Scholar
Wagner, A., Butterling, M., Liedke, M.O., Potzger, K., and Krause-Rehberg, R. (2018). Positron annihilation lifetime and Doppler broadening spectroscopy at the ELBE facility. AIP Conf. Proc. 1970: 040003, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5040215.Suche in Google Scholar
Zhang, Z.X., Chen, D.S., Han, W.T., and Kimura, A. (2015). Irradiation hardening in pure tungsten before and after recrystallization. Fusion Eng. Des. 98: 2103–2107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2015.06.192.Suche in Google Scholar
Zhu, S., Xu, Y., Wang, Z., Zheng, Y., Zhou, D., Du, E., Yuan, D., Fukuda, M., Mihara, M., Matsuta, K., et al.. (2005). Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy on heavy ion irradiated stainless steels and tungsten. J. Nucl. Mater. 343: 330–332, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.11.024.Suche in Google Scholar
Zibrov, M. (2018). The influence of radiation, mechanical, and plasma-induced damage on deuterium retention in tungsten, Doctoral dissertation, Ghent University.Suche in Google Scholar
Zibrov, M., Balden, M., Dickmann, M., Dubinko, A., Egger, W., Mayer, M., Terentyev, D., and Wirtz, M. (2019). Deuterium trapping by deformation-induced defects in tungsten. Nucl. Fusion 59: 106056, https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab3c7e.Suche in Google Scholar
© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Study of a perforated hollow cylinder and twisted tape inserts as a compound device in a circular tube for heat transfer enhancement
- Pool boiling performance of oxide nanofluid on a downward-facing heating surface
- The CANDLE burnup strategy applied to small modular pressurized water reactor loading with fully ceramic microencapsulated fuel
- Automatic sentiment analysis of public opinion on nuclear energy
- One-dimensional and three-dimensional coupling simulation research of centrifugal cascade hydraulics
- Analysis of the anticipated transient without scram (ATWS) initiated by emergency power mode through the full scope simulator
- Application of radio analytical tracer technique to study the performance of industrial grade ion exchange resin exposed to UV radiations
- Radioactive waste treatment technology: a review
- Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy of annealed tungsten
- Simulation of cobalt-60 production in research reactors using OpenMC Monte Carlo code
- Half-space albedo problem for the Anlı-Güngör scattering function
- Calendar of events
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Study of a perforated hollow cylinder and twisted tape inserts as a compound device in a circular tube for heat transfer enhancement
- Pool boiling performance of oxide nanofluid on a downward-facing heating surface
- The CANDLE burnup strategy applied to small modular pressurized water reactor loading with fully ceramic microencapsulated fuel
- Automatic sentiment analysis of public opinion on nuclear energy
- One-dimensional and three-dimensional coupling simulation research of centrifugal cascade hydraulics
- Analysis of the anticipated transient without scram (ATWS) initiated by emergency power mode through the full scope simulator
- Application of radio analytical tracer technique to study the performance of industrial grade ion exchange resin exposed to UV radiations
- Radioactive waste treatment technology: a review
- Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy of annealed tungsten
- Simulation of cobalt-60 production in research reactors using OpenMC Monte Carlo code
- Half-space albedo problem for the Anlı-Güngör scattering function
- Calendar of events
