Flow and heat transfer characteristics of a nanofluid as the coolant in a typical MTR core
-
Hesham F. Elbakhshawangy
,
Abdelfatah Abdelmaksoud
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to perform a thermal–hydraulic numerical analysis of a nanofluid as the coolant in a typical MTR (material testing reactor) core. Numerical simulation was carried out for turbulent flow of water based nanofluid of different concentrations of Al2O3 nanoparticles through a sub-channel of a typical MTR core subjected to cosine shape heat flux at various values of Reynolds number using the Ansys-Fluent computer code. The optimum performance of the studied nanofluid as a coolant in MTR core was determined by the determination of the conditions under which the total entropy generation due to both heat transfer and fluid flow had a minimum value. The results showed that this condition was at Re = 4.8 × 104. The studied range of Reynolds number (Re) and particle concentration (ϕ) were 2.5 × 104 ≤ Re ≤ 5.6 × 104 and 0% ≤ ϕ ≤ 9% respectively. Results for local and average heat transfer and flow characteristics were presented. For the studied range of Reynolds number and particle concentration, four new correlations were developed. Two correlations relating Nusselt number and friction coefficient with the parameters Re and ϕ whereas the other two correlations were one relating Nusselt number with Reynolds and Prandtl numbers and the other relating the friction coefficient with Reynolds number.
-
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
-
Research funding: None declared.
-
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
References
Ahuja, A.S. (1982). Thermal design of a heat exchanger employing laminar flow of particle suspensions. Int. J. Heat Mass Tran. 25: 725–728, https://doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(82)90179-x.Suche in Google Scholar
Avila, R. and Cervantes, J. (1995). Analysis of the heat transfer coefficient in a turbulent particle pipe flow. Int. J. Heat Mass Tran. 38: 1923–1932, https://doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(94)00321-l.Suche in Google Scholar
Batchelor, G. (1977). The effect of Brownian motion on the bulk stress in a suspension of spherical particles. J. Fluid Mech. 83: 97–117, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022112077001062.Suche in Google Scholar
Bejan, A. (1979). A study of entropy generation in fundamental convective heat transfer. J. Heat Tran. 101: 718–725, https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3451063.Suche in Google Scholar
Boothroyd, R.G. and Haque, H. (1970). Fully developed heat transfer to a gaseous suspension of particles flowing turbulently in duct of different size. J. Mech. Eng. Sci. 12: 191–200, https://doi.org/10.1243/jmes_jour_1970_012_034_02.Suche in Google Scholar
Choi, S.U.-S. and Eastman, J. A., Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles, Vol. 231/66. ASME International Mechanical Engineeering Congress and Exposition, San Francisco, pp. 99–105, 1995.Suche in Google Scholar
Das, S.K., Putra, N., Thiesen, P., and Roetzel, W. (2003). Temperature dependence of thermal conductivity enhancement for nanofluids. J.Heat Tran. 125: 567–574, https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1571080.Suche in Google Scholar
Eastman, J.A. (1999). Novel thermal properties of nanostructured materials. J. Metastable Nanocryst. Mater. 2: 629–634, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jmnm.2-6.629.Suche in Google Scholar
Fluent, A. (2013). ANSYS fluent theory guide 15.0. ANSYS 33. Ansys: inc.Suche in Google Scholar
Gupta, H., Singh, V., Kumar, R., and Said, Z. (2017). A review on thermo physical properties of nanofluids and heat transfer. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 74: 639–670, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.02.073.Suche in Google Scholar
Hussein, A.M., Sharma, K.V., Bakar, R.A., and Kadirgama, K. (2013). The effect of nanofluid volume concentration on heat transfer and friction factor inside a horizontal tube. J. Nanomater. 2013: 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/859563.Suche in Google Scholar
Invap (1993). ETRR-2 Safety analysis report, section 5.5.2.1. Invap Co., Argentina, 1993.Suche in Google Scholar
Li, Q. and Xuan, Y. (2002). Convective heat transfer performances of fluids with nano-particles. In: Proc. 12th int. heat transfer conference. Grenoble, France, pp. 483–488.10.1615/IHTC12.4010Suche in Google Scholar
Maïga, S.E.B., Palm, S.J., Nguyen, C.T., Roy, G., and Galanis, N. (2005). Heat transfer enhancement by using nano fluids in forced convection flows. Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 26: 530–546, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2005.02.004.Suche in Google Scholar
Maïga, S.E.B., Nguyen, C.T., Galanis, N., Roy, G., Maré, T., and Coqueux, M. (2006). Heat transfer enhancement in turbulent tube flow using Al2O3 nanoparticle suspension. Int. J. Numer. Methods Heat Fluid Flow 16: 275–292, https://doi.org/10.1108/09615530610649717.Suche in Google Scholar
Masuda, H., Ebata, A., Teramae, K., and Hishinuma, N. (1993). Alteration of thermal conductivity and viscosity of liquid by dispersing ultrafine particles (dispersion of c-Al2O3, SiO2 and TiO2 ultra-fine particles). Netsu Bussei 4: 227–233, https://doi.org/10.2963/jjtp.7.227.Suche in Google Scholar
Michaelides, E.E. (1986). Heat transfer in particulate flows. Int. J. Heat Mass Tran. 29: 265–273, https://doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(86)90233-4.Suche in Google Scholar
Murray, D.B. (1994). Local enhancement of heat transfer in a particulate cross flow. Heat transfer Mechanisms. Int. J. Multiphas. Flow 20: 493–504, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9322(94)90023-x.Suche in Google Scholar
O’Hanley, H., Buongiorno, J., McKrell, T., and Hu, L. (2012). Measurement and model validation of nanofluid specific heat capacity with differential scanning calorimetry. Adv. Mech. Eng. 2012: 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/181079.Suche in Google Scholar
Oliveski, R.D.C., Macagnan, M.H., and Copetti, J.B. (2009). Entropy generation and natural convection in rectangular cavities. Appl. Therm. Eng. 29: 1417–1425, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2008.07.012.Suche in Google Scholar
Omer, E.A.A. and Alkhodari, S.B. (2018). Heat transfer enhancement in turbulent flows utilizing nanofluids. J. Eng. Res. 25: 55–68.Suche in Google Scholar
Pak, B.C. and Cho, Y.I. (1998). Hydrodynamic and heat transfer study of dispersed fluids with submicron metallic oxide particles, Experiment. Heat Transf. 11: 151–170, https://doi.org/10.1080/08916159808946559.Suche in Google Scholar
Palm, S.J., Roy, G., and Nguyen, C.T. (2004). Heat transfer enhancement in a radial flow cooling system using nanofluids. In: Proceedings of the CHT-04 ICHMT international symposium on advances computational heat transfer, April 19–24 Norway, Paper No. CHT-04-121, p. 18.10.1615/ICHMT.2004.CHT-04.640Suche in Google Scholar
Palm, S.J., Roy, G., and Nguyen, C.T. (2006). Heat transfer enhancement with the use of nanofluids in radial flow cooling systems considering temperature-dependent properties. Appl. Therm. Eng. 26: 2209–2218, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.03.014.Suche in Google Scholar
Roy, G., Nguyen, C.T., and Lajoie, P.-R. (2004). Numerical investigation of laminar flow and heat transfer in a radial flow cooling system with the use of nanofluids. Superlattice. Microst. 35: 497–511, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2003.09.011.Suche in Google Scholar
Sato, Y., Deutsch, E., and Simonin, O. (1998). Direct numerical simulation of heat transfer by solid particles suspended in homogeneous isotropic turbulence. Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 19: 187–192, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0142-727x(97)10023-6.Suche in Google Scholar
Shopkar, M., Sudarshan, S., Das, P.K., and Manna, I. (2008). Effect of particle size on thermal conductivity of nanofluid. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 39 A: 1535–1542, https://doi.org/0.1007/s11661-007-9444-7.10.1007/s11661-007-9444-7Suche in Google Scholar
Sohn, C.W. and Chen, M.M. (1981). Micro convective thermal conductivity in disperse two-phase mixtures as observed in a low velocity Couette flow experiment. J. Heat Tran. 103: 47–51, https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3244428.Suche in Google Scholar
Stern, F., Wilson, R., Coleman, H., and Paterson, E. (1999). Verification and validation of CFD simulations, Vol. 3. Iowa City: Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research IIHR 407, College of Engineering, University of Iowa.10.21236/ADA458015Suche in Google Scholar
Wang, B.-X., Zhou, L.-P., and Peng, X.-F. (2003). A fractal model for predicting the effective thermal conductivity of liquid with suspension of nanoparticles. Int. J. Heat Mass Tran. 46: 2665–2672, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0017-9310(03)00016-4.Suche in Google Scholar
Xuan, Y., Li, Q., and Hu, W. (2003). Aggregation structure and thermal conductivity of nanofluids. AIChE J. 49: 1038–1043, https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690490420.Suche in Google Scholar
Zeinali Heris, S., Etemad, S.G., and Nasr Esfahany, M. (2009). Convective heat transfer of a Cu/water nanofluid flowing through a circular tube. Exp. Heat Tran. 22: 217–227, https://doi.org/10.1080/08916150902950145.Suche in Google Scholar
© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Single-phase flow heat transfer characteristics in helically coiled tube heat exchangers
- Design and optimization of an integrated gamma ray scanning system for the uranium sample
- Numerical simulation of the effect of rod bowing on critical heat flux
- Flow and heat transfer characteristics of a nanofluid as the coolant in a typical MTR core
- Mathematical modeling of point kinetic equations with temperature feedback for reactivity transient analysis in MTR
- An enhanced formalism for the inverse reactor kinetics problem
- The establishment of analysis methodology of NRCDose3 for Kuosheng nuclear power plant decommissioning
- Analysis of SMART reactor core with uranium mononitride for prolonged fuel cycle using OpenMC
- Conceptual design of an innovative I&XC fuel assembly for a SMR based on neutronic/thermal-hydraulic calculations at the BOC
- Optimized fractional-order PID controller based on nonlinear point kinetic model for VVER-1000 reactor
- High rate X-ray radiation shielding ability of cement-based composites incorporating strontium sulfate (SrSO4) minerals
- Vibration analysis for predictive maintenance and improved reliability of rotating machines in ETRR-2 research reactor
- Calendar of events
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Single-phase flow heat transfer characteristics in helically coiled tube heat exchangers
- Design and optimization of an integrated gamma ray scanning system for the uranium sample
- Numerical simulation of the effect of rod bowing on critical heat flux
- Flow and heat transfer characteristics of a nanofluid as the coolant in a typical MTR core
- Mathematical modeling of point kinetic equations with temperature feedback for reactivity transient analysis in MTR
- An enhanced formalism for the inverse reactor kinetics problem
- The establishment of analysis methodology of NRCDose3 for Kuosheng nuclear power plant decommissioning
- Analysis of SMART reactor core with uranium mononitride for prolonged fuel cycle using OpenMC
- Conceptual design of an innovative I&XC fuel assembly for a SMR based on neutronic/thermal-hydraulic calculations at the BOC
- Optimized fractional-order PID controller based on nonlinear point kinetic model for VVER-1000 reactor
- High rate X-ray radiation shielding ability of cement-based composites incorporating strontium sulfate (SrSO4) minerals
- Vibration analysis for predictive maintenance and improved reliability of rotating machines in ETRR-2 research reactor
- Calendar of events
