Startseite Evaluation of the resilience of the girls with central precocious puberty treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

Evaluation of the resilience of the girls with central precocious puberty treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog

  • Sevinc Odabasi Gunes EMAIL logo , Onur Akin und Safak Eray
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 27. Juli 2021
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Aus der Zeitschrift Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism Band 34 Heft 11

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the resilience of girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) during treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) and compare these results with their healthy peers.

Methods

The Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is a self-report scale used to quantify resilience, which is divided into seven subgroups (hardiness, coping, flexibility, purpose, optimism, regulation of emotion and cognition (REC), and self-efficacy). Fifty-one girls with CPP receiving GnRHa treatment and 51 healthy controls were involved in the study. Anthropometric measurements were evaluated and CD-RISC was performed at least six months after the initiation of GnRHa treatment.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference between the anthropometric evaluations of girls with CPP and the control group. Similarly, the total score and subgroup scores of patients with CPP and the control group showed no statistically significant difference. In the correlation analysis, there was a weak negative correlation between height and flexibility (r=−0.314 p=0.025), height SDS and flexibility (r=−0.254 p=0.092), height SDS, and purpose (r=−0.285 p=0.058). Also, there was a weak negative correlation between REC and weight (r=−0.435 p=0.003), REC and weight SDS (r=−0.461 p=0.002), REC and height (r=−0.269 p=0.077), REC and height SDS (r=−0.322 p=0.033), REC and BMI (r=−0.289 p=0.058), and REC and BMI SDS (r=−0.353 p=0.019).

Conclusions

The resilience of girls with CPP treated with GnRHa was found to be similar to their healthy peers. The early diagnosis of the disease and adequate treatment may decrease the discrepancy of somatic changes between girls with CPP and their peers, which may help them to overcome the stress of CPP and long-term treatment.

Keywords: central precocious puberty; Connor-Davidson resilience scale; gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue; resilience
Corresponding author: Dr. Sevinc Odabasi Gunes, UHS Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey, Phone: +90 3123046761, Fax: +90 3123042700, E-mail:

  1. Research funding: None declared.

  2. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.

  5. Ethical approval: The local Institutional Review Board deemed the study exempt from review.

References

1. Sultan, C, Gaspari, L, Maimoun, L, Kalfa, N, Paris, F. Disorders of puberty. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2018;48:62–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2017.11.004.Suche in Google Scholar

2. Belchetz, PE, Plant, TM, Nakai, Y, Keogh, EJ, Knobil, E. Hypophysial responses to continuous and intermittent delivery of hypopthalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Science 1978;202:631–3. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.100883.Suche in Google Scholar

3. Carel, JC, Eugster, EA, Rogol, A, Ghizzoni, L, Palmert, MR, ESPE-LWPES GnRH Analogs Consensus Conference Group, et al.. Consensus statement on the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs in children. Pediatrics 2009;123:e752–62. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-1783.Suche in Google Scholar

4. Eugster, EA. Treatment of central precocious puberty. J Endocr Soc 2019;3:965–72. https://doi.org/10.1210/js.2019-00036.Suche in Google Scholar

5. Patton, GC, Viner, R. Pubertal transitions in health. Lancet 2007;369:1130–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60366-3.Suche in Google Scholar

6. Gluckman, PD, Hanson, MA. Evolution, development and timing of puberty. Trends Endocrinol Metabol 2006;17:7–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2005.11.006.Suche in Google Scholar

7. Kaltiala-Heino, R, Marttunen, M, Rantanen, P, Rimpela, M. Early puberty is associated with mental health problems in middle adolescence. Soc Sci Med 2003;57:1055–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00480-x.Suche in Google Scholar

8. Mendle, J, Harden, KP, Brooks-Gunn, J, Grabber, JA. Development’s tortoise and hare: pubertal timing, pubertal tempo and depressive symptoms in boys and girls. Dev Psychol 2010;46:1341–53. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020205.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

9. Roberts, E, Joinson, C, Gunnel, D, Fraser, A, Mars, B. Pubertal timing and self-harm: a posrpective cohort analysis of males and females. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2020;29:e170. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796020000839.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

10. Graber, JA. Pubertal timing and the development of psychopathology in adolescence and beyond. Horm Behav 2013;64:262–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.04.003.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

11. Ehrhardt, AA, Meyer-Bahlburg, HF. Effects of prenatal sex hormones on gender-related behavior. Science 1981;211:1312–8. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7209510.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

12. MacLusky, NJ, Naftolin, F. Sexual differentiation of the central nervous system. Science 1981;211:1294–302. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6163211.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

13. Chen, M, Eugster, EA. Central precocious puberty: update on diagnosis and treatment. Paediatr Drugs 2015;17:273–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40272-015-0130-8.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

14. Bowes, L, Jaffee, SR. Biology, genes, and resilience: toward a multidisciplinary approach. Trauma Violence Abuse 2013;14:195–208. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838013487807.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

15. Rutter, M. Implications of resilience concepts for scientific understanding. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006;1094:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1376.002.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

16. Lemaire, P, Pierre, D, Bertrand, J-B, Brauner, R. A mathematical model for predicting the adult height of girls with advanced puberty after spontaneous growth. BMC Pediatr 2014;14:172. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-14-172.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

17. Calcaterra, V, Sampaolo, P, Klersy, C, Larizza, D, Alfei, A, Brizzi, V, et al.. Utility of breast ultrasonography in the diagnostic work-up of precocious puberty and proposal of a prognostic index for identifying girls with rapidly progressive central precocious puberty. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2009;33:85–91. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.6271.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

18. Demirbilek, H, Alikasifoglu, A, Gonc, EN, Ozon, A, Kandemir, N. Assessment of gonadotrophin suppression in girls treated with GnRH analogue for central precocious puberty; validity of single luteinizing hormone measurement after leuprolide acetate injection. Clin Endocrinol 2012;76:126–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04185.x.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

19. Fu, C, Leoutsakos, JM, Underwood, C. Moderating effects of a postdisaster intervention on risk and resilience factors associated with posttraumatic stress disorder in Chinese children. J Trauma Stress 2013;26:663–70. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.21871.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

20. Iaipaolo, AS, Marusak, HA, Paulisin, SM, Sala-Hamrick, K, Crespo, LM, Elrahal, F, et al.. Distinct neural correlates of trait resilience within core neurocognitive networks in at-risk children and adolescents. Neuroimage Clin 2018;20:24–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2018.06.026.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

21. Vetter, S, Dulaev, I, Mueller, M, Henley, RR, Gallo, WT, Kanukova, Z. Impact of resilience enhancing programs on youth surviving the Beslan school siege. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Ment Health 2010;4:11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1753-2000-4-11.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

22. Karairmak, O. Establishing the psychometric qualities of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a trauma survivor sample. J Psychiatr Res 2010;179:350–6.10.1016/j.psychres.2009.09.012Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

23. Connor, KM, Davidson, JRT. Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety 2003;18:76–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

24. Brooks-Gunn, J, Warren, MP. Biological and social contributions to negative affect in young girls. Child Dev 1989;60:40–55. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131069.Suche in Google Scholar

25. Lewis, G, Ioannidis, K, van Harmelen, A-L, Neufeld, S, Stochl, J, Lewis, G, et al.. The association between pubertal status and depressive symptoms and diagnoses in adolescent females: a population-based cohort study. PloS One 2018;13: e0198804. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198804.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

26. Baumann, DA, Landolt, MA, Wetterwald, R, Dubuis, JM, Sizonenko, PC, Werder, EA. Psychological evaluation of young women after medical treatment for central precocious puberty. Horm Res 2001;56:45–50. https://doi.org/10.1159/000048089.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

27. Xhrouet-Heinrichs, D, Lagrou, K, Heinrichs, C, Craen, M, Dooms, L, Malvaux, P, et al.. Longitudinal study of behavioral and affective patterns in girls with central precocious puberty during long-acting triptorelin therapy. Acta Paediatr 1997;86:808–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1997.tb08602.x.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

28. Schoelwer, MJ, Donahue, KL, Bryk, K, Didrick, P, Berenbaum, SA, Eugster, EA. Psychological assessment of mothers and their daughters at the time of diagnosis of precocious puberty. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol 2015;2015:5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13633-015-0001-7.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

29. Schoelwer, MJ, Donahue, KL, Didrick, P, Eugster, EA. One-year follow-up of girls with precocious puberty and their mothers: do psychological assessments change over time or with treatment? Horm Res Paediatr 2017;88:347–53. https://doi.org/10.1159/000479688.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

30. Yu, R, Yang, S, Hwang, IT. Psychological effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment in girls with central precocious puberty. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019;32:1071–5. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2019-0108.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

31. Menk, TAS, Inacio, M, Macedo, DB, Bessa, DS, Latronico, AC, Mendonca, B, et al.. Assessment of stress levels in girls with central precocious puberty before and during long- acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment: a pilot study. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2017;30:657–62. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2016-0425.Suche in Google Scholar

32. Zheng, F, Zhu, H, Jiang, YJ. Psychological behavior of girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty before and after treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2008;37:289–94.Suche in Google Scholar

33. Kim, YJ, Lee, HS, Lee, YJ, Lim, JS, Kim, SY, Kim, EY, et al.. Multicenter clinical trial of leuprolide acetate depot (Luphere depot 3.75 mg) for efficacy and safety in girls with central precocious puberty. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2013;18:173–8. https://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2013.18.4.173.Suche in Google Scholar

34. Wojniusz, S, Callens, N, Sütterlin, S, Andersson, S, Schepper, JD, Gies, I, et al.. Cognitive, emotional, and psychosocial functioning of girls treated with pharmacological puberty blockage for idiopathic central precocious puberty. Front Psychol 2016;7:1053. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01053.Suche in Google Scholar

35. Eisenberg, N, Fabes, RA, Guthrie, IK, Reiser, M. Dispositional emotionality and regulation: their role in predicting quality of social functioning. J Pers Soc Psychol 2000;78:136–57. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.78.1.136.Suche in Google Scholar

36. Gross, JJ, Thompson, RA. Emotion regulation: conceptual foundations. In: Gross, JJ, editor. Handbook of emotion regulation. New York: The Guilford Pres; 2007. p. 3–24.Suche in Google Scholar

37. Prefit, A-B, Mirela Cândea, D, Szentagotai-Tătar, A. Emotion regulation across eating pathology: a meta-analysis. Appetite 2019;143:104438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2019.104438.Suche in Google Scholar

38. Percinel, I, Ozbaran, B, Kose, S, Simsek, DG, Darcan, S. Increased deficits in emotion recognition and regulation in children and adolescents with exogenous obesity. World B Biol Psychiatry 2018;19:112–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2016.1265147.Suche in Google Scholar

39. Garnefski, N, Teerds, J, Kraaij, V, Legerstee, J, van den Kommer, T. Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: differences between males and females. Pers Indiv Differ 2004;36:267–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8869(03)00083-7.Suche in Google Scholar

40. Gross, JJ. Emotion regulation: current status and future prospects. Psychol Inq 2015;26:1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840x.2014.940781.Suche in Google Scholar

41. Lutz, LJ, Gaffney-Stomberg, E, Williams, WK, McGraw, SM, Niro, PJ, Karl, JP, et al.. Adherence to the dietary guidelines for Americans is associated with psychological resilience in young adults: a cross-sectional study. J Acad Nutr Diet 2017;117:396–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2016.09.018.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Received: 2021-04-06
Accepted: 2021-06-20
Published Online: 2021-07-27
Published in Print: 2021-11-25

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review Article
  3. An endocrine perspective on menstrual suppression for adolescents: achieving good suppression while optimizing bone health
  4. Original Articles
  5. Anthropometric, metabolic, and reproductive outcomes of patients with central precocious puberty treated with leuprorelin acetate 3-month depot (11.25 mg)
  6. Evaluation of the resilience of the girls with central precocious puberty treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog
  7. The effect of GnRH stimulation on AMH regulation in central precocious puberty and isolated premature thelarche
  8. Association of the apoptotic marker APO1/Fas with children’s predisposing factors for metabolic syndrome and with mean platelet volume
  9. Serum adiponectin, body adiposity and metabolic parameters in obese Egyptian children with Down syndrome
  10. Urinary iodine and thyroglobulin are useful markers in infants suspected of congenital hypothyroidism based on newborn screening
  11. Comparison of plasmapheresis with medical apheresis in terms of efficacy and cost in the acute treatment of hypertriglyceridemia in children with lipoprotein lipase deficiency
  12. Clinical, biochemical and genotypical characteristics in biotinidase deficiency
  13. High uric acid levels in overweight and obese children and their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors: what is missing in this puzzle?
  14. Optimizing pediatric histrelin implantation to improve success rates in clinic without sedation
  15. Determinants of ultra-processed food consumption in Brazilian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
  16. The prevalence, immune profile, and clinical characteristics of children with celiac disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus in the state of Qatar
  17. Case Reports
  18. A rare and preventable aetiology of neurodevelopmental delay and epilepsy: familial glucocorticoid deficiency
  19. Giant plurihormonal pituitary adenoma in a child – case study
  20. The usefulness of copeptin for the diagnosis of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in infancy: a case report
  21. A novel synonymous homozygous variant [c.2538G>A (p.Thr846Thr)] in TRPM6 in a patient with hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia
  22. Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis in a child: a four-year follow-up with review of literature
https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2021-0245
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
central precocious puberty; Connor-Davidson resilience scale; gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue; resilience

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review Article
  3. An endocrine perspective on menstrual suppression for adolescents: achieving good suppression while optimizing bone health
  4. Original Articles
  5. Anthropometric, metabolic, and reproductive outcomes of patients with central precocious puberty treated with leuprorelin acetate 3-month depot (11.25 mg)
  6. Evaluation of the resilience of the girls with central precocious puberty treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog
  7. The effect of GnRH stimulation on AMH regulation in central precocious puberty and isolated premature thelarche
  8. Association of the apoptotic marker APO1/Fas with children’s predisposing factors for metabolic syndrome and with mean platelet volume
  9. Serum adiponectin, body adiposity and metabolic parameters in obese Egyptian children with Down syndrome
  10. Urinary iodine and thyroglobulin are useful markers in infants suspected of congenital hypothyroidism based on newborn screening
  11. Comparison of plasmapheresis with medical apheresis in terms of efficacy and cost in the acute treatment of hypertriglyceridemia in children with lipoprotein lipase deficiency
  12. Clinical, biochemical and genotypical characteristics in biotinidase deficiency
  13. High uric acid levels in overweight and obese children and their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors: what is missing in this puzzle?
  14. Optimizing pediatric histrelin implantation to improve success rates in clinic without sedation
  15. Determinants of ultra-processed food consumption in Brazilian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
  16. The prevalence, immune profile, and clinical characteristics of children with celiac disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus in the state of Qatar
  17. Case Reports
  18. A rare and preventable aetiology of neurodevelopmental delay and epilepsy: familial glucocorticoid deficiency
  19. Giant plurihormonal pituitary adenoma in a child – case study
  20. The usefulness of copeptin for the diagnosis of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in infancy: a case report
  21. A novel synonymous homozygous variant [c.2538G>A (p.Thr846Thr)] in TRPM6 in a patient with hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia
  22. Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis in a child: a four-year follow-up with review of literature
Jetzt anmelden und 20% sparen
Institutioneller Zugang
Wie funktioniert Authentifizierung?
Haben Sie eine Idee, wie wir unsere Website verbessern können?
Bitte schreiben Sie uns.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Heruntergeladen am 18.9.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/jpem-2021-0245/html
Button zum nach oben scrollen