Pulmonary and cutaneous mucormycosis in two children with diabetes mellitus type 1
-
Nosrat Ghaemi
Abstract
Objectives
Mucormycosis is a life-threatening condition that can be present in diabetes mellitus. Although the rhino-orbito-cerebral form is the most common, other types may be developed as well.
Case presentation
The present study reports two children with diabetes who had the cutaneous and pulmonary forms of mucormycosis. The first case was a four-year-old boy without a history of diabetes admitted due to loss of consciousness and a necrotic lesion on his hand. The second was an 11-year-old boy with dyspnea, polyuria, and polydipsia who had developed diabetes two years before, and whose chest X-ray had shown a pulmonary lesion. Both cases were treated with surgical implementation and appropriate antifungal therapy.
Conclusions
Mucormycosis is a fatal condition that can even be present at the onset of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, any diabetic patient with any presentation of respiratory symptoms such as coughs, or any cutaneous lesion should be examined carefully for mucormycosis after which prompt treatment must begin.
-
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
-
Ethical statement: The research related to human use has been complied with all the relevant national regulations, institutional policies and in accordance with the tenets of the Helsinki Declaration, and has been approved by the authors’ institutional review board or equivalent committee.
References
1. Jevalikar, G, Sudhanshu, S, Mahendru, S, Sarma, S, Farooqui, KJ, Mithal, A, et al.. Cutaneous mucormycosis as a presenting feature of type 1 diabetes in a boy–case report and review of the literature. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metabol 2018;31:689–92. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2017-0404.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
2. Kasper, D, Fauci, A, Hauser, S, Longo, D, Jameson, J, Loscalzo, J. Harrison’s principles of internal medicine. New York: Mcgraw-hill; 2015, 19e.Search in Google Scholar
3. Bennett, JE, Dolin, R, Blaser, MJ. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s principles and practice of infectious diseases: 2-volume set. Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014.Search in Google Scholar
4. Claustre, J, Larcher, R, Jouve, T, Truche, A-S, Nseir, S, Cadiet, J, et al.. Mucormycosis in intensive care unit: surgery is a major prognostic factor in patients with hematological malignancy. Ann Intensive Care 2020;10:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-020-00673-9.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
5. Thomas, L, Tay, SY, Howard, D, Falhammar, HJC. Mucormycosis in a 40-year-old woman with diabetic ketoacidosis. Can Med Assoc J 2020;192:E431–3. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.191364.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
6. De Pauw, B, Walsh, TJ, Donnelly, JP, Stevens, DA, Edwards, JE, Calandra, T, et al.. Revised definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European organization for research and treatment of cancer/invasive fungal infections cooperative group and the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases mycoses study group (EORTC/MSG) consensus group. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:1813–21. https://doi.org/10.1086/588660.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
7. Roden, MM, Zaoutis, TE, Buchanan, WL, Knudsen, TA, Sarkisova, TA, Schaufele, RL, et al.. Epidemiology and outcome of zygomycosis: a review of 929 reported cases. Clin Infect Dis 2005;41:634–53. https://doi.org/10.1086/432579.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
8. Guo, S, Liu, H, Tang, X, Yang, HJPI. Clinical characteristics and prognoses of pulmonary mucormycosis in four children. Pediatr Invest 2019;3:223–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/ped4.12161.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
9. Francis JR, VP, Bryant, P, Blyth, C. Mucormycosis in children: review and recommendations for management. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2018;7:159–64. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/pix107.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
10. Pana, ZD, Seidel, D, Skiada, A, Groll, AH, Petrikkos, G, Cornely, OA, et al.. Invasive mucormycosis in children: an epidemiologic study in European and non-European countries based on two registries. BMC Infect Dis 2016;16:667. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-2005-1.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
11. Elzein, F, Albarrag, A, Kalam, K, Arafah, M, Al-Baadani, A, Eltayeb, N, et al.. Mucormycosis: an 8-year experience of a tertiary care centre in Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health 2020;13:1774–9.10.1016/j.jiph.2020.08.002Search in Google Scholar PubMed
© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Review Article
- Delivery factors and neonatal thyroid hormone levels: a systematic review
- Original Articles
- Birth prevalence of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in China: data from the national newborn screening program, 2013–2019
- Analysis of the CAG tract length in the Androgen Receptor gene in Mexican patients with nonsyndromic cryptorchidism
- Pituitary hypoplasia is the best MRI predictor of the severity and type of growth hormone deficiency in children with congenital growth hormone deficiency
- Urinary gonadotropin measurements by enhanced luminometric assays (LIA) for the evaluation of pubertal development
- Challenges in management of transient hyperinsulinism – a retrospective analysis of 36 severely affected children
- Who should return for an oral glucose tolerance test? A proposed clinical pathway based on retrospective analysis of 332 children
- Investigation of the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in obese patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome in childhood and examination of left ventricular function by echocardiography
- Effect of l-carnitine supplementation on children and adolescents with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
- Management of patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets during Covid-19 pandemic lockdown
- Evaluation of the pathophysiological role of Fetuin A levels in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome
- Gonadotropins for testicular descent in cryptorchid congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism males beyond infancy
- Clinical characteristics and outcome of hospitalized children and adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic: data from a single center surveillance study in Egypt
- Letter to the Editor
- Revisiting the effect of GnRH analogue treatment on bone mineral density in young adolescents with gender dysphoria
- Case Reports
- Pulmonary and cutaneous mucormycosis in two children with diabetes mellitus type 1
- Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency type C as a differential diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis
- Barth syndrome with severe dilated cardiomyopathy and growth hormone resistance: a case report
- The utility of reverse phenotyping: a case of lysinuric protein intolerance presented with childhood osteoporosis
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Review Article
- Delivery factors and neonatal thyroid hormone levels: a systematic review
- Original Articles
- Birth prevalence of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in China: data from the national newborn screening program, 2013–2019
- Analysis of the CAG tract length in the Androgen Receptor gene in Mexican patients with nonsyndromic cryptorchidism
- Pituitary hypoplasia is the best MRI predictor of the severity and type of growth hormone deficiency in children with congenital growth hormone deficiency
- Urinary gonadotropin measurements by enhanced luminometric assays (LIA) for the evaluation of pubertal development
- Challenges in management of transient hyperinsulinism – a retrospective analysis of 36 severely affected children
- Who should return for an oral glucose tolerance test? A proposed clinical pathway based on retrospective analysis of 332 children
- Investigation of the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in obese patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome in childhood and examination of left ventricular function by echocardiography
- Effect of l-carnitine supplementation on children and adolescents with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
- Management of patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets during Covid-19 pandemic lockdown
- Evaluation of the pathophysiological role of Fetuin A levels in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome
- Gonadotropins for testicular descent in cryptorchid congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism males beyond infancy
- Clinical characteristics and outcome of hospitalized children and adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic: data from a single center surveillance study in Egypt
- Letter to the Editor
- Revisiting the effect of GnRH analogue treatment on bone mineral density in young adolescents with gender dysphoria
- Case Reports
- Pulmonary and cutaneous mucormycosis in two children with diabetes mellitus type 1
- Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency type C as a differential diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis
- Barth syndrome with severe dilated cardiomyopathy and growth hormone resistance: a case report
- The utility of reverse phenotyping: a case of lysinuric protein intolerance presented with childhood osteoporosis
