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Investigation of the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in obese patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome in childhood and examination of left ventricular function by echocardiography

  • Güzin Özden , Ayşe Esin Kibar Gül EMAIL logo , Eda Mengen , Ahmet Ucaktürk ORCID logo , Hazım Alper Gürsu , İbrahim İlker Çetin and Murat Kızılgün
Published/Copyright: April 27, 2021
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
From the journal Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism Volume 34 Issue 7

Abstract

Objectives

The objective of this study is to investigate the cardiovascular risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is increasingly becoming prevalent in childhood obesity.

Methods

A total of 113 patients, 76 of whom were between the ages of 10 and 17 (mean age: 14.5 ± 1.8 years) and diagnosed with obesity (30 non-MetS and 46 MetS using IDF) and 37 of whom constituted the control group, participated in the study. Echocardiographic examination and atherogenicity parameters (Atherogenic index of plasma [AIP: logTG/HDL], total cholesterol/HDL, and TG/HDL ratio and non-HDL) were evaluated.

Results

The most common component accompanying obese MetS was found to be hypertension and low HDL. While obesity duration, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, fasting insulin, insulin resistance, atherogenicity parameters were determined to be significantly higher in the obese-MetS group. Echocardiography showed that while the thickness, volume, and diameter of LV end-diastolic wall, left ventricular mass (LVM), LVM index (LVMI g/m2) and relative wall thickness (RWT) were significantly high in the MetS group, however, mitral E/A ratio was significantly lower (p<0.05). Change in LV geometry consistent with concentric remodeling (increased RWT, normal LVMI) was visible in obese groups. LVM were positively significantly related to BMI, waist circumference, insulin resistance, blood pressure, LDL level, and negative to mitral E/A ratio. In the obese-MetS group, LVMI was positively correlated to office systolic BP, left atrium end-diastolic volume/index.

Conclusions

LVMI and atherogenicity parameters that were found to be significantly higher in obese MetS exhibit increased cardiovascular risk in childhood.

Keywords: cardiovascular disease; childhood; echocardiography; metabolic syndrome; obesity
Corresponding author: Ayşe Esin Kibar Gül, MD, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Clinic of University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Bilkent Bulvarı No: 1, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey, Phone: +05325490965, E-mail:

  1. Research funding: None declared.

  2. Author contributions: Concept: G.Ö., A.E.K.G., E.M; Design: G.Ö., A.U.; Data collection &/or processing: A.E.K., E.M.,A.U; Analysis and/or interpretation: G.Ö., H.A.G.,M.K.; Literature search: G.Ö., A.E.K.,İ.İ.Ç.; Writing: G.Ö,A.E.K.G.; Critical review: İ.İ.Ç., H.A.G.,M.K. All of the authors declare that they have all participated in the design, execution, and analysis of the paper, and that they have approved the final version. All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interests: There are no conflicts of interest in connection with this paper, and the material described is not under publication or consideration for publication elsewhere.

  4. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study. (Material-Methods: Informed consent forms were signed by all patients and necessary permissions were obtained for their participation in the study.).

  5. Ethical approval: The local Institutional Review Board deemed the study exempt from review. (Material-Methods: The approval for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of our hospital with the decision dated 4 March 2019 and numbered 2019-055).

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Received: 2020-10-14
Accepted: 2021-04-04
Published Online: 2021-04-27
Published in Print: 2021-07-27

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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  2. Review Article
  3. Delivery factors and neonatal thyroid hormone levels: a systematic review
  4. Original Articles
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  6. Analysis of the CAG tract length in the Androgen Receptor gene in Mexican patients with nonsyndromic cryptorchidism
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  8. Urinary gonadotropin measurements by enhanced luminometric assays (LIA) for the evaluation of pubertal development
  9. Challenges in management of transient hyperinsulinism – a retrospective analysis of 36 severely affected children
  10. Who should return for an oral glucose tolerance test? A proposed clinical pathway based on retrospective analysis of 332 children
  11. Investigation of the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in obese patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome in childhood and examination of left ventricular function by echocardiography
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  17. Letter to the Editor
  18. Revisiting the effect of GnRH analogue treatment on bone mineral density in young adolescents with gender dysphoria
  19. Case Reports
  20. Pulmonary and cutaneous mucormycosis in two children with diabetes mellitus type 1
  21. Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency type C as a differential diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis
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https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2020-0597
Keywords for this article
cardiovascular disease; childhood; echocardiography; metabolic syndrome; obesity

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review Article
  3. Delivery factors and neonatal thyroid hormone levels: a systematic review
  4. Original Articles
  5. Birth prevalence of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in China: data from the national newborn screening program, 2013–2019
  6. Analysis of the CAG tract length in the Androgen Receptor gene in Mexican patients with nonsyndromic cryptorchidism
  7. Pituitary hypoplasia is the best MRI predictor of the severity and type of growth hormone deficiency in children with congenital growth hormone deficiency
  8. Urinary gonadotropin measurements by enhanced luminometric assays (LIA) for the evaluation of pubertal development
  9. Challenges in management of transient hyperinsulinism – a retrospective analysis of 36 severely affected children
  10. Who should return for an oral glucose tolerance test? A proposed clinical pathway based on retrospective analysis of 332 children
  11. Investigation of the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in obese patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome in childhood and examination of left ventricular function by echocardiography
  12. Effect of l-carnitine supplementation on children and adolescents with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
  13. Management of patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets during Covid-19 pandemic lockdown
  14. Evaluation of the pathophysiological role of Fetuin A levels in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome
  15. Gonadotropins for testicular descent in cryptorchid congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism males beyond infancy
  16. Clinical characteristics and outcome of hospitalized children and adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic: data from a single center surveillance study in Egypt
  17. Letter to the Editor
  18. Revisiting the effect of GnRH analogue treatment on bone mineral density in young adolescents with gender dysphoria
  19. Case Reports
  20. Pulmonary and cutaneous mucormycosis in two children with diabetes mellitus type 1
  21. Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency type C as a differential diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis
  22. Barth syndrome with severe dilated cardiomyopathy and growth hormone resistance: a case report
  23. The utility of reverse phenotyping: a case of lysinuric protein intolerance presented with childhood osteoporosis
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