Effects of 1-year growth hormone replacement therapy on thyroid volume and function of the children and adolescents with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency
-
Meliksah Keskin
,
Elvan Bayramoglu
Abstract
Background:
There are different opinions about the effects of growth hormone replacement therapy (GHRT) on thyroid function and volume. This study aimed to assess the effects of GHRT on thyroid volume and function in the children and adolescents with growth hormone (GH) deficiency.
Methods:
A total of 29 patients diagnosed with GH deficiency were enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of 29 cases matched for age, gender and pubertal period with the patients. Thyroid function tests and insulin-like growth factor levels were measured, simultaneously thyroid volumes were assessed by ultrasonography at the initiation period and at the end of GHRT.
Results:
Thyroid volumes of the patient group was −0.55±1.1 standard deviations (SDs) initially; whereas at the end of 1 year it was found to be −0.29±1.29 SDs and both SDs of thyroid volumes did not differ significantly. The SDs of thyroid volume of the control group was −0.85±1.03 SDs initially and −0.72±0.85 SDs at the end of 1 year; and they did not differ significantly. On the other hand, after GHRT of 1 year, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4) levels decreased.
Conclusions:
It was observed that SDs of thyroid gland volumes did not change in GH deficient children and adolescents after GHRT.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
References
1. Glynn N, Kenny H, Quisenberry L, Halsall DJ, Cook P, et al. The effect of growth hormone replacement on the thyroid axis in patients with hypopituitarism: in vivo and ex vivo studies. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017;86:747–54.10.1111/cen.13272Search in Google Scholar PubMed
2. Leite NT, Salvatori R, Alcântara MR, Alcântara PR, Oliveira CR, et al. Effects of depot growth hormone replacement on thyroid function and volume in adults with congenital isolated growth hormone deficiency. J Endocrinol Invest 2012;35:265–8.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
3. Curto L, Giovinazzo S, Alibrandi A, Campennì A, Trimarchi F, et al. Effects of GH replacement therapy on thyroid volume and nodule development in GH deficient adults: a retrospective cohort study. Eur J Endocrinol 2015;172:543–52.10.1530/EJE-14-0966Search in Google Scholar PubMed
4. Cheung NW, Lou JC, Boyages SC. Growth hormone does not increase thyroid size in the absence of thyrotropin: a study in adults with hypopituitarism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:1179–83.10.1210/jcem.81.3.8772597Search in Google Scholar PubMed
5. Elmlinger MW, Kuhnel W, Weber MM, Ranke MB. Reference ranges for two automated chemiluminecent assays for serum insülin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3). Clin Chem Lab Med 2004;42:656–64.10.1515/CCLM.2004.112Search in Google Scholar PubMed
6. Taş F, Bulut S, Eğilmez H, Oztoprak I, Ergur AT, et al. Normal thyroid volume by ultrasonography in healthy children. Ann Trop Paediatr 2002;22:375–9.10.1179/027249302125002047Search in Google Scholar PubMed
7. Behan LA, Monson JP, Agha A. The interaction between growth hormone and the thyroid axis in hypopituitary patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2011;74:281–8.10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03815.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
8. Agha A, Walker D, Perry L, Drake WM, Chew SL, et al. Unmasking of central hypothyroidism following growth hormone replacement in adult hypopituitary patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2007;66:72–7.10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02688.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
9. Porretti S, Giavoli C, Ronchi C, Lombardi G, Zaccaria M, et al. Recombinant human GH replacement therapy and thyroid function in a large group of adult GH-deficient patients: when does L-T(4) therapy become mandatory? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:2042–5.10.1210/jcem.87.5.8479Search in Google Scholar PubMed
10. Losa M, Scavini M, Gatti E, Rossini A, Madaschi S, et al. Long-term effects of growth hormone replacement therapy on thyroid function in adults with growth hormone deficiency. Thyroid 2008;18:1249–54.10.1089/thy.2008.0266Search in Google Scholar PubMed
©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Mini Review
- Severe complications after initial management of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome and diabetic ketoacidosis with a standard diabetic ketoacidosis protocol
- Original Articles
- Markers influencing the presence of partial clinical remission in patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes
- Oral health status of children with type 1 diabetes: a comparative study
- The relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth among overweight and obese children and adolescents
- High attainment of optimal nutritional and growth status observed among Greek pediatric cystic fibrosis patients: results from the GreeCF study
- Secular trends in height, weight and body mass index of primary school children in Turkey between 1993 and 2016
- Effects of 1-year growth hormone replacement therapy on thyroid volume and function of the children and adolescents with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency
- Thyroid hormone levels in late preterm, early term and term infants: a study with healthy neonates revealing reference values and factors affecting thyroid hormones
- Makorin ring finger 3 gene analysis in Koreans with familial precocious puberty
- Genetic analysis of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) deficiency in nine consanguineous Pakistani families
- Reassessing the significance of the PAH c.158G>A (p.Arg53His) variant in patients with hyperphenylalaninemia
- Case Reports
- Sirolimus precipitating diabetes mellitus in a patient with congenital hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia due to autosomal dominant ABCC8 mutation
- Persistent de Quervain tenosynovitis induced by somatotropin treatment
- Early-onset severe obesity due to complete deletion of the leptin gene in a boy
- Congenital cataract with LSS gene mutations: a new case report
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Mini Review
- Severe complications after initial management of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome and diabetic ketoacidosis with a standard diabetic ketoacidosis protocol
- Original Articles
- Markers influencing the presence of partial clinical remission in patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes
- Oral health status of children with type 1 diabetes: a comparative study
- The relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth among overweight and obese children and adolescents
- High attainment of optimal nutritional and growth status observed among Greek pediatric cystic fibrosis patients: results from the GreeCF study
- Secular trends in height, weight and body mass index of primary school children in Turkey between 1993 and 2016
- Effects of 1-year growth hormone replacement therapy on thyroid volume and function of the children and adolescents with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency
- Thyroid hormone levels in late preterm, early term and term infants: a study with healthy neonates revealing reference values and factors affecting thyroid hormones
- Makorin ring finger 3 gene analysis in Koreans with familial precocious puberty
- Genetic analysis of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) deficiency in nine consanguineous Pakistani families
- Reassessing the significance of the PAH c.158G>A (p.Arg53His) variant in patients with hyperphenylalaninemia
- Case Reports
- Sirolimus precipitating diabetes mellitus in a patient with congenital hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia due to autosomal dominant ABCC8 mutation
- Persistent de Quervain tenosynovitis induced by somatotropin treatment
- Early-onset severe obesity due to complete deletion of the leptin gene in a boy
- Congenital cataract with LSS gene mutations: a new case report
