Salivary flow rate, buffer capacity, and urea concentration in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus
-
Ivana Maria Saes Busato
Abstract
Background:
The objective of the study was to analyze salivary flow rate, urea concentration, and buffer capacity in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 DM) in two different stages.
Methods:
This study was performed on adolescents (14–19 years), allocated between two groups: type 1 DM group comprised 32 adolescents with type 1 DM, and non-type 1 DM group comprised 32 nondiabetics. The adolescents in type 1 DM group were evaluated at a baseline (T0) and after 15 months (T1), and those in non-type 1 DM group were only evaluated at T0. Diabetic status was determined by glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) and capillary glucose tests. Measurement of salivary flow was performed by means of stimulated saliva (SSFR) collection. The buffer capacity (BC) was determined, and analysis of urea salivary concentration was performed using the colorimetric method.
Results:
At T0, there were significant differences between diabetics and nondiabetics for SSFR and BC (p<0.05). In diabetics, SSFR was 0.790 mL/min in T0 and 0.881 mL/min in T1 (p>0.05). BC at T0 was 4.8, and at T1, it was 3.9 (p=0.000). Urea concentration mean value had a significant decrease at T1 (28.13) compared with T0 (34.88) (p=0.013). There was a negative correlation between SSFR and urea salivary concentration at both T0 (r=−0.426, p≤0.05) and T1 (r=−0.601, p≤0.01).
Conclusions:
In adolescents with type 1 DM, hyposalivation at T0 was associated with an increase in urea salivary concentration. At T1, hyposalivation was associated with a reduction in BC, and an increase in salivary urea.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the Director and the employees of the Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: This study was supported by MCT/CNPq grant no 477932/2007-0.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
References
1. Humphrey RD, Williamson RT. A review of saliva: normal composition, flow, and function. J Prosthet Dent 2001;85:162–9.10.1067/mpr.2001.113778Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
2. Dodds MW, Johnson DA, Yeh C. Health benefits of saliva: a review. J Dent 2005;33:223–33.10.1016/j.jdent.2004.10.009Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
3. de Almeida PD, Grégio AM, Machado MA, Azevedo LR. Saliva composition and functions: a comprehensive review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008;9:72–80.10.5005/jcdp-9-3-72Suche in Google Scholar
4. Samaranayake L. Saliva as a diagnosticfluid. Int Dent J 2007;57:295–9.10.1111/j.1875-595X.2007.tb00135.xSuche in Google Scholar
5. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2014;37(Suppl 1):S81–90.10.2337/dc14-S081Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
6. American Diabetes Association. Standards medical care in diabetes-2006. Diabetes Care 2006;29(Suppl 1):S4–42.10.2337/diacare.29.s1.06.s4Suche in Google Scholar
7. Wikner S, Söder P-Ö. Factors associated with salivary buffering capacity in young adults in Stockholm, Sweden. Scand J Dent Res 1994;102:50–3.10.1111/j.1600-0722.1994.tb01152.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
8. Belazi MA, Galli-Tsinopoulou A, Drakoulakos D, Fleva A, Papanayiotou PH. Salivary alterations in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Int J Paediatr Dent 1998;8:29–33.10.1046/j.1365-263X.1998.00057.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
9. Moreira AR, Passos LA, Sampaio FC, Soares MS, Oliveira RJ. Flow rate, pH and calcium concentration of saliva of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Braz J Med Biol Res 2009;42:707–11.10.1590/S0100-879X2009005000006Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
10. Siudikiene J, Machiulskiene V, Nyvad B, Tenovuo J, Nedzelskiena I. Dental salivary status in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, related to metabolic control of the disease. Eur J Oral Sci 2006;114:8–14.10.1111/j.1600-0722.2006.00277.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
11. Aren G, Sepet E, Ozdemir D, Dinççag N, Güvener B, et al. Periodontal health, salivary status, and metabolic control in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Periodontol 2003;74:1789–95.10.1902/jop.2003.74.12.1789Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
12. Busato IM, Ignácio SA, Brancher JA, Moysés ST, Azevedo-Alanis LR. Impact of clinical status and salivary conditions on xerostomia and oral health-related quality of life of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2012;40:62–9.10.1111/j.1600-0528.2011.00635.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
13. Edblad E, Lundin AS, Sjödin B, Aman J. Caries and salivary status in young adults with type 1 diabetes. Swed Dent J 2001;25:53–60.Suche in Google Scholar
14. Iughetti L, Marino R, Bertolani MF, Bernasconi S. Oral health in children and adolescents with IDDM – a review. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 1999;12(5 Suppl 2):603–10.10.1515/JPEM.1999.12.5.603Suche in Google Scholar
15. Saes Busato IM, Bittencourt MS, Machado MA, Grégio AM, Azevedo-Alanis LR. Association between metabolic control and oral health in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010;109:e51–6.10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.10.037Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
16. Siudikiene J, Machiulskiene V, Nyvad B, Tenovuo J, Nedzelskiena I. Dental caries increments and related factors in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Caries Res 2008;42:354–62.10.1159/000151582Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
17. Deepa Lakshmi PV, Sridevi E, Sai Sankar AJ, Manoj Kumar MG, Sridhar M, et al. Diagnostic perspective of saliva in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus children: an in vivo study. Contemp Clin Dent 2015;6:443–7.10.4103/0976-237X.169844Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
18. Carda C, Mosquera-Lloreda N, Salom L, Gomez de Ferraris ME, Peydró A. Structural and functional salivary disorders in type 2 diabetic patients. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2006;11:E309–14.Suche in Google Scholar
19. World Health Organization – WHO. Oral health surveys – basic methods. Genebra: World Health Organization, 1997.Suche in Google Scholar
20. Busato IM, Ignácio SA, Brancher JA, Grégio AM, Machado MA, et al. Impact of xerostomia on the quality of life of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009;108:376–82.10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.05.005Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
21. Tenovuo J. Salivary parameters of relevance for assessing caries activity in individuals and populations. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1997;25:82–6.10.1111/j.1600-0528.1997.tb00903.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
22. Banderas-Tarabay JA, González-Begné M, Sánchez-Garduño M, Millán-Cortéz E, López-Rodrígues A, et al. [The flow and concentration of proteins in human whole saliva]. Salud Publica Mex 1997;39:433–41.10.1590/S0036-36341997000500006Suche in Google Scholar
23. Krasse B. The cariogenic potential of foods-a critical review of current methods. Int Dent J 1985;35:36–42.Suche in Google Scholar
24. Edgar WM. Saliva: its secretion, composition and functions. Br Dent J 1992;172:305–12.10.1038/sj.bdj.4807861Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
25. Kiess W, Gorski T, Penke M, Klamt S, Kapellen TM. Diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents – a global epidemic which has become neglected. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2015;28:247–50.10.1515/jpem-2015-0900Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
26. Silverstein J, Klingensmith G, Copeland K, Plotnick L, Kaufman F, et al. Care children and adolescent with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005;28:186–212.10.2337/diacare.28.1.186Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
©2016 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents
- Original Articles
- Serum vascular endothelial cadherin and thrombomodulin are markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children
- Ferritin level is associated with metabolic syndrome and elevated alanine aminotransferase in children and adolescents
- Dietary fructose intake in obese children and adolescents: relation to procollagen type III N-terminal peptide (P3NP) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- Central diabetes insipidus: clinical profile that suggests organicity in Peruvian children: Lima – Peru 2001–2013
- Salivary flow rate, buffer capacity, and urea concentration in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus
- Cortisol response to adrenocorticotropin testing in non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCCAH)
- Efficacy of micellized vs. fat-soluble vitamin D3 supplementation in healthy school children from Northern India
- Growth curves for congenital adrenal hyperplasia from a national retrospective cohort
- The effects of type 1 diabetes mellitus on cardiac functions in children: evaluation by conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography
- The association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of the Apelin gene and diabetes mellitus in a Chinese population
- Case Reports
- Successful transition to sulfonylurea therapy in two Iraqi siblings with neonatal diabetes mellitus and iDEND syndrome due to ABCC8 mutation
- A case of 46,XX dysgenesis and marked tall stature; the need for caution in interpreting array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH)
- Successful treatment of a child with a prolactin secreting macroadenoma with temozolomide
- Acknowledgment
- Acknowledgment
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents
- Original Articles
- Serum vascular endothelial cadherin and thrombomodulin are markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children
- Ferritin level is associated with metabolic syndrome and elevated alanine aminotransferase in children and adolescents
- Dietary fructose intake in obese children and adolescents: relation to procollagen type III N-terminal peptide (P3NP) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- Central diabetes insipidus: clinical profile that suggests organicity in Peruvian children: Lima – Peru 2001–2013
- Salivary flow rate, buffer capacity, and urea concentration in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus
- Cortisol response to adrenocorticotropin testing in non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCCAH)
- Efficacy of micellized vs. fat-soluble vitamin D3 supplementation in healthy school children from Northern India
- Growth curves for congenital adrenal hyperplasia from a national retrospective cohort
- The effects of type 1 diabetes mellitus on cardiac functions in children: evaluation by conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography
- The association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of the Apelin gene and diabetes mellitus in a Chinese population
- Case Reports
- Successful transition to sulfonylurea therapy in two Iraqi siblings with neonatal diabetes mellitus and iDEND syndrome due to ABCC8 mutation
- A case of 46,XX dysgenesis and marked tall stature; the need for caution in interpreting array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH)
- Successful treatment of a child with a prolactin secreting macroadenoma with temozolomide
- Acknowledgment
- Acknowledgment
