Essential oils reduce autonomous response to pain sensation during self-monitoring of blood glucose among children with diabetes
-
Beata Małachowska
Abstract
Background: Essential oils were proven to possess analgesic activity in adults. Children with diabetes are exposed to highly painful interventions such as self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG).
Objective: An evaluation of the analgesic properties of two essential oils during SMBG in diabetic children.
Subjects: We included 73 hospitalized children (age<18 years) with well-controlled type 1 diabetes.
Methods: The study extended over a period of 1 month (2 weeks for control group and 1 week for orange and lavender oil application). The measurements were performed four times per day in a shared room during SMBG. Pain intensity was evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) and change of baseline heart rate (ΔHR%). An aromatherapy device was used to disperse essential oils in the testing room.
Results: We performed 647 individual measurements of pain intensity and ΔHR%. Girls reported higher VAS scores [median, Me 0.5 (interquartile range, IQR 0–1) vs. 0 (IQR 0–0.5), p=0.0036]. Both age and duration of diabetes correlated with ΔHR% [r=–0.14, p=0.0005; r=–0.12, p=0.0025]. Negative correlations were also noted for VAS/age [r=–0.12, p=0.0030] and VAS/duration of diabetes [r=–0.12, p=0.0034]. Aromatherapy did not alter the VAS score (p=0.40), while ΔHR% decreased with borderline significance (p=0.0639). After adjustment for patient’s age and sex lower ΔHR% was associated with essential oil application (p=0.0252). Aromatherapy did not have any influence on VAS scores in multivariate analysis (p=0.35).
Conclusion: Aromatherapy decreased the autonomic response to a painful stimulus by lowering ΔHR%, but did not affect the perception of pain reported by VAS.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Dr. Vishnu Pradeep for correcting the English.
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this article.
References
1. Lee DM. How painful is intensive insulin therapy? Z Gesamte Inn Med 1992;47:266–9.Suche in Google Scholar
2. Benyamin R, Trescot AM, Datta S, Buenaventura R, Adlaka R, et al. Opioid complications and side effects. Pain Phys 2008;11:S105–20.10.36076/ppj.2008/11/S105Suche in Google Scholar
3. Lazzaroni M, Bianchi Porro G. Gastrointestinal side-effects of traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and new formulations. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20:48–58.10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02037.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
4. Aabakken L. Small-bowel side-effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999;11:383–8.10.1097/00042737-199904000-00004Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
5. Jiang HK, Chang DM. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with adverse psychiatric reactions: five case reports. Clin Rheumatol 1999;18:339–45.10.1007/s100670050114Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
6. Sasannejad P, Saeedi M, Shoeibi A, Gorji A, Abbasi M, et al. Lavender essential oil in the treatment of migraine headache: a placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur Neurol 2012;67:288–91.10.1159/000335249Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
7. Ou MC, Hsu TF, Lai AC, Lin YT, Lin CC. Pain relief assessment by aromatic essential oil massage on outpatients with primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2012;38:817–22.10.1111/j.1447-0756.2011.01802.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
8. Mehdi J, Soroor A, Fatemeh F. Effect of aromatherapy with orange essential oil on salivary cortisol and pulse rate in children during dental treatment: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Adv Biomed Res 2013;2:10.10.4103/2277-9175.107968Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
9. Fellowes D, Barnes K, Wilkinson S. Aromatherapy and massage for symptom relief in patients with cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004:CD002287.10.1002/14651858.CD002287.pub2Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
10. Campelo LM, de Almeida AA, de Freitas RL, Cerqueira GS, de Sousa GF, et al. Antioxidant and antinociceptive effects of citrus limon essential oil in mice. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011;2011:678673.10.1155/2011/678673Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
11. Kelly AM. Does the clinically significant difference in visual analog scale pain scores vary with gender, age, or cause of pain? Acad Emerg Med 1998;5:1086–90.10.1111/j.1553-2712.1998.tb02667.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
12. Sheikhan F, Jahdi F, Khoei EM, Shamsalizadeh N, Sheikhan M, et al. Episiotomy pain relief: use of lavender oil essence in primiparous Iranian women. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2012;18:66–70.10.1016/j.ctcp.2011.02.003Suche in Google Scholar
13. Vakilian K, Atarha M, Bekhradi R, Chaman R. Healing advantages of lavender essential oil during episiotomy recovery: a clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2011;17:50–3.10.1016/j.ctcp.2010.05.006Suche in Google Scholar
14. Hadi N, Hanid AA. Lavender essence for post-cesarean pain. Pak J Biol Sci 2011;14:664–7.10.3923/pjbs.2011.664.667Suche in Google Scholar
15. Dale A, Cornwell S. The role of lavender oil in relieving perineal discomfort following childbirth: a blind randomized clinical trial. J Adv Nurs 1994;19:89–96.10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01056.xSuche in Google Scholar
16. Kim JT, Wajda M, Cuff G, Serota D, Schlame M, et al. Evaluation of aromatherapy in treating postoperative pain: pilot study. Pain Pract 2006;6:273–7.10.1111/j.1533-2500.2006.00095.xSuche in Google Scholar
17. Kim S, Kim HJ, Yeo JS, Hong SJ, Lee JM, et al. The effect of lavender oil on stress, bispectral index values, and needle insertion pain in volunteers. J Altern Complement Med 2011;17:823–6.10.1089/acm.2010.0644Suche in Google Scholar
18. Sakurada T, Kuwahata H, Katsuyama S, Komatsu T, Morrone LA, et al. Intraplantar injection of bergamot essential oil into the mouse hindpaw: effects on capsaicin-induced nociceptive behaviors. Int Rev Neurobiol 2009;85:237–48.10.1016/S0074-7742(09)85018-6Suche in Google Scholar
19. Yip YB, Tam AC. An experimental study on the effectiveness of massage with aromatic ginger and orange essential oil for moderate-to-severe knee pain among the elderly in Hong Kong. Complement Ther Med 2008;16:131–8.10.1016/j.ctim.2007.12.003Suche in Google Scholar
20. Lehrner J, Eckersberger C, Walla P, Potsch G, Deecke L. Ambient odor of orange in a dental office reduces anxiety and improves mood in female patients. Physiol Behav 2000;71:83–6.10.1016/S0031-9384(00)00308-5Suche in Google Scholar
21. Fitzgerald M, Culbert T, Finkelstein M, Green M, Johnson A, et al. The effect of gender and ethnicity on children’s attitudes and preferences for essential oils: a pilot study. Explore (NY) 2007;3:378–85.10.1016/j.explore.2007.04.009Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
©2016 by De Gruyter
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- EDITORIAL
- Newborn screening of metabolic disorders
- Current and future perspective of newborn screening: an Indian scenario
- Hawkinsinuria in two unrelated Greek newborns: identification of a novel variant, biochemical findings and treatment
- Leptin and neuropeptide Y levels in newborns
- Markers of bone metabolism, serum leptin levels and bone mineral density in preterm babies
- Adipokines in umbilical cord blood from children born large for gestational age
- REVIEW
- Diabetes insipidus in children
- ORIGINAL ARTICLES
- Essential oils reduce autonomous response to pain sensation during self-monitoring of blood glucose among children with diabetes
- The prevalence of melanocortin-4 receptor gene mutations in Slovak obese children and adolescents
- Physical activity does not attenuate the relationship between daily cortisol and metabolic syndrome in obese youth
- Evaluation of the tshr gene reveals polymorphisms associated with typical symptoms in primary congenital hypothyroidism
- The effect of tamoxifen on pubertal bone development in adolescents with pubertal gynecomastia
- Effects of methylphenidate on appetite and growth in children diagnosed with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder
- CASE REPORTS
- An unusual case of hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (HNDI) affecting mother and daughter
- Rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation syndrome and celiac disease in a 13-year-old girl: further evidence for autoimmunity?
- Prepubertal gynecomastia and chronic lavender exposure: report of three cases
- An adolescent girl referred with Cushing syndrome – does she or does she not have the syndrome?
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- EDITORIAL
- Newborn screening of metabolic disorders
- Current and future perspective of newborn screening: an Indian scenario
- Hawkinsinuria in two unrelated Greek newborns: identification of a novel variant, biochemical findings and treatment
- Leptin and neuropeptide Y levels in newborns
- Markers of bone metabolism, serum leptin levels and bone mineral density in preterm babies
- Adipokines in umbilical cord blood from children born large for gestational age
- REVIEW
- Diabetes insipidus in children
- ORIGINAL ARTICLES
- Essential oils reduce autonomous response to pain sensation during self-monitoring of blood glucose among children with diabetes
- The prevalence of melanocortin-4 receptor gene mutations in Slovak obese children and adolescents
- Physical activity does not attenuate the relationship between daily cortisol and metabolic syndrome in obese youth
- Evaluation of the tshr gene reveals polymorphisms associated with typical symptoms in primary congenital hypothyroidism
- The effect of tamoxifen on pubertal bone development in adolescents with pubertal gynecomastia
- Effects of methylphenidate on appetite and growth in children diagnosed with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder
- CASE REPORTS
- An unusual case of hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (HNDI) affecting mother and daughter
- Rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation syndrome and celiac disease in a 13-year-old girl: further evidence for autoimmunity?
- Prepubertal gynecomastia and chronic lavender exposure: report of three cases
- An adolescent girl referred with Cushing syndrome – does she or does she not have the syndrome?
