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Penile length and genital anomalies in Egyptian male newborns: epidemiology and influence of endocrine disruptors

  • Mohamed El Kholy , Rasha Tarif Hamza EMAIL logo , Mohamed Saleh and Heba Elsedfy
Published/Copyright: March 18, 2013
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
From the journal Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism Volume 26 Issue 5-6

Abstract

This is an attempt to establish the normal stretched penile length and prevalence of male genital anomalies in full-term neonates and whether they are influenced by prenatal parental exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. A thousand newborns were included; their mothers were subjected to the following questionnaire: parents’ age, residence, occupation, contact with insecticides and pesticides, antenatal exposure to cigarette smoke or drugs, family history of genital anomalies, phytoestrogens intake and history of in vitro fertilization or infertility. Free testosterone was measured in 150 neonates in the first day of life. Mean penile length was 3.4±0.37 cm. A penile length <2.5 cm was considered micropenis. Prevalence of genital anomalies was 1.8% (hypospadias 83.33%). There was a higher rate of anomalies in those exposed to endocrine disruptors (EDs; 7.4%) than in the non-exposed (1.2%; p<0.0001; odds ratio 6, 95% confidence interval 2–16). Mean penile length showed a linear relationship with free testosterone and was lower in neonates exposed to EDs.

Keywords: endocrine disruptors; genital anomalies; male; penile length; testosterone
Corresponding author: Rasha Tarif Hamza, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Ain Shams University, 36 Hisham Labib Street, off Makram Ebeid Street, Nasr City, Cairo 11371, Cairo, Egypt, Phone: +20-2-22734727, Fax: +20-2-26904430

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Received: 2012-10-25
Accepted: 2013-01-27
Published Online: 2013-03-18
Published in Print: 2013-05-01

©2013 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2012-0350
Keywords for this article
endocrine disruptors; genital anomalies; male; penile length; testosterone

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Masthead
  2. Masthead
  3. Editorial
  4. Success has many fathers, failure is orphan
  5. Review Article
  6. Normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: update on the genetic background and future challenges
  7. Original Articles
  8. Temporary brittle bone disease: association with intracranial bleeding
  9. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and L-arginine levels in children with glycogen storage disease type I
  10. Application of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in the diagnosis and follow-up of maple syrup urine disease in a Chinese population
  11. The role of uncoupling protein 2 and 3 genes polymorphism and energy expenditure in obese Indonesian children
  12. Thyroid dysfunctions of prematurity and their impacts on neurodevelopmental outcome1)
  13. Frequency of the E23K polymorphism of the KCNJ11 gene in children born small for gestational age and its influence on auxological and metabolic parameters in the prepubertal period
  14. Reference intervals for serum thyroid hormones in preterm hospitalized infants1)
  15. The clinical and biochemical presentation of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in children and adolescents
  16. A risk score for identifying overweight adolescents with dysglycemia in primary care settings1)
  17. Thyroid function and morphology in overweight and obese children and adolescents in a Chinese population
  18. Propionic acidaemia: demographic characteristics and complicationsa
  19. Negative correlation between serum IL-6 level and cardiorespiratory fitness in 10- to 11-year-old boys with increased BMI
  20. Penile length and genital anomalies in Egyptian male newborns: epidemiology and influence of endocrine disruptors
  21. Efficacy of vitamin D loading doses on serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in school going adolescents: an open label non-randomized prospective trial
  22. Characteristics of infants admitted with hypoglycemia to a neonatal unit
  23. Increasing thyroid-stimulating hormone is associated with impaired glucose metabolism in euthyroid obese children and adolescents
  24. The role of FTO genotype on eating behavior in obese Sardinian children and adolescents
  25. Prevalence of multiple forms of autoimmunity in Egyptian patients with Turner syndrome: relation to karyotype
  26. A novel DAX-1 mutation presented with precocious puberty and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in different members of a large pedigree
  27. Patient Reports
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  29. Diabetic ketoacidosis with cerebral hemorrhage and alpha coma in an adolescent female
  30. A novel mutation in thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone) gene in congenital hypothyroidism
  31. Citric acid as the last therapeutic approach in an acute life-threatening metabolic decompensation of propionic acidaemia
  32. A case of autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type II with a novel TCIRG1 gene mutation
  33. The interpretation of color – an endocrine cause of skin discoloration mimicking cyanosis
  34. Novel heterozygous thyrotropin receptor mutation presenting with neonatal hyperthyrotropinaemia, mild thyroid hypoplasia and absent uptake on radioisotope scan
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  36. 10.1515/jpem-2012-0133
  37. Vaginal bleeding in a 4-month-old preterm girl: extreme minipuberty mimicking central precocious puberty
  38. A rare case of isolated Cushing syndrome in a 3-month-old boy
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