Adverse reproductive effects of ethanolic root extract of Waltheria indica in male Wistar rats

References

[1] Odugbemi O, Akinsulire O. Medicinal plants by species names. In: T Odugbemi, editor. Outlines and pictures of medicinal plants from Nigeria. Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos Press, 2008:112.Search in Google Scholar

[2] Olabinri BM, Eniyansoro OO, Okoronkwo CO, Olabinri PF, Olaleye MT. Evaluation of aqueous extract of Tetracarpidium conophorum (African walnut) in vitro. Int J of App Res in Nat Products 2010;3:13–18.Search in Google Scholar

[3] Burkill HM. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Royal Botanic edition. United Kingdom: INTEC printers, 2000:406.Search in Google Scholar

[4] Irvine FR. Woody plants of Ghana. London: Oxford University Press, 1961:185.Search in Google Scholar

[5] Sahidu G, Salihu L, Ahmed MU. Antioxidant and anti-microbial activities of ethanol and n-hexane extracts of Waltheria indica and Mucuna pruriens. J. Pharma Sci Innov 2012;1:5–8.Search in Google Scholar

[6] Olajuyigbe OO, Babalola AE, Afolayan AJ. Antibacterial and phytochemical screening of crude ethanolic extracts of Waltheria indica Linn. Afri J Microbiol Res 2011;5:3760–4.10.5897/AJMR11.627Search in Google Scholar

[7] Clarkson C, Vinesh JM, Neil RC, Olwen MG, Pamisha P, Motlalepula GM, et al. In vitro antiplasmodial activity of medicinal plants native to or naturalised in South Africa. J Ethnopharm 2004;92:177–91.10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.011Search in Google Scholar

[8] Yerra KR, Shih-Hua F, Yew-Min T. Inhibitory effects of the flavonoids Isolated from Waltheria indica on the production of NO, TNF-a and IL-12 in activated macrophages. Biolo Pharma Bull 2005;28:912–15.10.1248/bpb.28.912Search in Google Scholar

[9] Hamidu LJ, Ayo JO, Adelaiye AB, Abubakar MS. Sedative and anticonvulsants effects of Ethyl acetate fraction of Waltheria indica in Mice. J Pharma Tox 2008;3:261–6.10.3923/jpt.2008.261.266Search in Google Scholar

[10] Kannan M, Kumar TS, Rao MV. Antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of Waltheria indica L., an ethnomedicinal plant. Inter J Pharma Res Health Sci 2016;4:1376–84.10.21276/ijprhs.2016.05.07Search in Google Scholar

[11] Bala AY, Adamu T, Abubakar U, Ladan MJ. Inhibition of Trypanosomal Brucei brucei by extract from Waltheria indica L. Sleeping morning. Res J Para 2011;6:53–9.10.3923/jp.2011.53.59Search in Google Scholar

[12] Madaki FM, Kabiru AY, Mann A, Abdulkadir A, Agadi JN, Akinyode AO. Phytochemical analysis and In-vitro antitrypanosomal activity of selected medicinal plants in Niger State, Nigeria. Inter J Bioch Res Rev 2016;11:1–7.10.9734/IJBCRR/2016/24955Search in Google Scholar

[13] Olayemi FO. A review on some causes of male infertility. Afri J Biotech 2010;9:2834–42.Search in Google Scholar

[14] OECD Test No. 425: acute oral toxicity: up-and-down procedure. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2008: Section 4.Search in Google Scholar

[15] Pant N, Srivastava SP. Testicular and spermatotoxic effect of quinaphos in rats. J Appl Toxi 2003;23:271–4.10.1002/jat.919Search in Google Scholar

[16] Wells ME, Awa OA. New technique for assessing acrosomal characteristics of spermatozoa. J Diary Sci 1970;53:227–32.10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(70)86184-7Search in Google Scholar

[17] Zemjanis R. Collection and evaluation of semen. In: R Zemjanis, editor. Diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in animal reproduction. vol. 1977. Baltimore: The Williams and Wilkins Company, 1977:139–80.Search in Google Scholar

[18] Hammer CE. The Semen. In: Hafez ESE, editor. Reprodcution and breeding techniques for laboratory animals. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1970:16–22.Search in Google Scholar

[19] Basiru A, Olayemi FO. Effects of aqueous extract of Waltheria indica leaves on reproductive indices of male albino rats. Afr J Biotech 2014;13:3307–12.10.5897/AJB2014.13928Search in Google Scholar

[20] Basiru A, Soetan KO, Olayemi FO. Comparative proximate, minerals composition and antinutritional factors of Waltheria indica leave, root and stem. Annals Food Sci Tech 2016;17:478–84.Search in Google Scholar

[21] Mitchell V, Sigala J, Ballot C, Jumeau F, Barbotin AL, Duhamel A, et al. Light microscopy morphological characteristics of the sperm flagellum may be related to axonemal abnormalities. Andrologia 2015;47:214–20.10.1111/and.12249Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[22] Shiferaw GF, Young HP, Young MK, Bo RL, Kyung MJ, Seong BC, et al. Morphological defects of sperm and their association with motility, fertility, and hatchability in four Korean native chicken breeds. Asian-Australasian J Animal Sci 2018;1:1–9.Search in Google Scholar

[23] Goyal R, Kotru M, Gogia A, Sharma S. Qualitative defects with normal sperm counts in a patient attending infertility clinic. Indian J Pathy Microbiol 2018;61:233–5.10.4103/IJPM.IJPM_460_17Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[24] Khojasteh SMB, Khameneh RJ, Houresfsnd M, Yaldagard E. A review on medicinal plants used for improvement of spermatogenesis. Biol Med (Aligarh) 2016;8:292.10.4172/0974-8369.1000292Search in Google Scholar

[25] Salmon A, Hamilton JA. Magic-angle spinning and solution 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies of medium- and long-chain cholesteryl esters in model bilayers. Bioch 1995;34:16065–73.10.1021/bi00049a021Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[26] Gondre-Lewis MC, Petrache HI, Wassif CA, Harries D, Parsegian A, Porter FD, et al. Abnormal sterols in cholesterol-deficiency diseases cause secretory granule malformation and decreased membrane curvature. J Cell Sci 2006;119:1876–85.10.1242/jcs.02906Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[27] Goedeke L, Fernandez-Hernando C. Regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012;69:915–30.10.1007/s00018-011-0857-5Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[28] Pushpendra A, Jain GC. Hyper-lipidemia and male fertility: a critical review of literature. Andrology (Los Angel) 2015;4:141.10.4172/2167-0250.1000141Search in Google Scholar

[29] Stocco DM. The role of the StAR protein in steroidogenesis: challenges for the future. J Endocri 2000;164:247–53.10.1677/joe.0.1640247Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[30] Hu MC, Hsu HJ, Guo IC, Chung BC. Function of Cyp11a1 in animal models. Mol Cel Endocri 2004;215:95–100.10.1016/j.mce.2003.11.024Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[31] Conley AJ, Bird IM. The role of cytochrome P₄₅₀ 17 alpha-hydroxylase and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the integration of gonadal and adrenal steroidogenesis via the delta 5 and delta 4 pathways of steroidogenesis in mammals. Biol Repro 1997;56:789–99.10.1095/biolreprod56.4.789Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[32] Bala AY, Adamu T, Ladan MJ. Amelioration of Trypanome-infection-induced alterations in serum cholesterol, triglycerides and proteins by hydro-ethanolic extract of Waltheria indica in rats. Res J Para 2011;6:127–35.10.3923/jp.2011.127.135Search in Google Scholar

[33] Adisa WA, Iranloye BO, Ezekunie CC, Nwaopara AO, Osifoh ICU, Igbinovia ENS, et al. Effect of aqueous kola nut (Cola nitida rubra) extract on sperm quality in male spraque-dawley rats. Asian J Med Sci 2010;2:77–80.Search in Google Scholar

[34] D’Cruz SC, Vaithinathan S, Jubendradass R, Mathur PP. Effects of plants and plant products on the testis. Asian J Androl 2010;12:468–79.10.1038/aja.2010.43Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[35] Cheeke PR. Toxicity and metabolism of pyrolizidine alkaloids. J Animal Sci 1988;66:2343–50.10.2527/jas1988.6692343xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed