Home Effects of weight-bearing vs. non-weight-bearing endurance exercise on reducing body fat and inflammatory markers in obese females
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Effects of weight-bearing vs. non-weight-bearing endurance exercise on reducing body fat and inflammatory markers in obese females

  • Olivia Andiana , Wilda Welis , Muhamad Syamsul Taufik , Widiastuti , Abdul Hakim Siregar and Slamet Raharjo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: September 20, 2022

Abstract

Objectives

Endurance exercise is an effective strategy for maintaining an anti-inflammatory environment and weight management. However, the effect of this type of exercise on decreasing body fat and TNF-α levels and increasing adiponectin levels is controversial. The aims of this study was to prove the effects of weight-bearing vs. non-weight-bearing endurance exercise on reducing body fat and inflammatory markers in obese females.

Methods

24 obese adolescents were recruited from female students from the State University of Malang. The interventions given in this study were weight-bearing endurance exercise (WBEE), and non-weight-bearing endurance exercise (NWBEE). Serum TNF-α levels and serum adiponectin levels were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis techniques use paired sample T-test with a significant level of 5%.

Results

Results of the statistical analysis show that the average body fat (PBF, FM, FFM) and TNF-α levels before endurance exercise vs. after endurance exercise in both types of exercise experienced a significant decrease (p≤0.05), while average adiponectin levels in both types of exercise experienced a significant increase before endurance exercise vs. after endurance exercise (p≤0.001).

Conclusions

In general, it can be concluded that weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing endurance exercise with moderate-intensity for 40 min/exercise session reduce body fat and TNF-α levels and increase adiponectin levels as a marker of inflammation in obese female.


Corresponding author: Slamet Raharjo, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Semarang No. 5 Street, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia, Phone: +62-341551312, E-mail:

Funding source: The Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, East Java, Indonesia

Award Identifier / Grant number: PNBP Research grant 2021 (grant numbers 19.4.34/UN32.6.2/LT/2021)

Acknowledgments

We thank the Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Malang for the 2021 Faculty PNBP Research grant. We also thank all research subjects, research assistants, Staff of Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya and all colleagues who have been involved in this research.

  1. Research funding: This research received a PNBP Research grant 2021 from the Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, East Java, Indonesia (grant numbers 19.4.34/UN32.6.2/LT/2021).

  2. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.

  5. Ethical approval: The procedure we applied in this study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki from the World Medical Association (WMA) regarding ethical behavior in research involving human subjects and has been approved by the Health Research Ethics Commission, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya Malang No. 260/EC/KEPK/09/2021.

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Received: 2022-06-10
Accepted: 2022-08-29
Published Online: 2022-09-20

© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. The clinical potential of flavonoids in Peyronie’s disease
  4. Reviews
  5. Emphasizing roles of BDNF promoters and inducers in Alzheimer's disease for improving impaired cognition and memory
  6. Diabetic wound healing approaches: an update
  7. Metformin: new applications for an old drug
  8. Bispecific antibodies and its applications: a novel approach for targeting SARS-Cov-2
  9. A review on pulmonary and mediastinal synovial sarcoma
  10. Original Articles
  11. Cytokine release by human bone marrow stromal cells isolated from osteoarthritic and diabetic osteoarthritic patients in vitro
  12. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of olive leaf extract treatment in diabetic rat brain
  13. Implication of nitrergic system in the anticonvulsant effects of ferulic acid in pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in male mice
  14. The effects of G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) on cardiac glucose metabolism in diabetic ovariectomized female rats
  15. Effects of weight-bearing vs. non-weight-bearing endurance exercise on reducing body fat and inflammatory markers in obese females
  16. [Lys5,MeLeu9,Nle10]-NKA(4–10) induces neurokinin 2 receptor mediated urination and defecation and neurokinin 1 receptor mediated flushing in rats: measured using the rapid detection voiding assay
  17. Single 30 min treadmill exercise session suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in obese female adolescents
  18. Letter to the Editor
  19. Effect of tirzepatide on prediabetics and blood pressure with implications for future research
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