A study of serum cortisol levels in acute head injury patients

Tangeda Padmaja Rao

doi:10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0136

Article

A study of serum cortisol levels in acute head injury patients

Tangeda Padmaja Rao

Published/Copyright: May 29, 2020

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From the journal Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology Volume 32 Issue 1

Abstract

Introduction

Adrenal insufficiency has a great impact on the prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury. In healthy persons during normal day-to-day activity, the concentration of plasma cortisol is high in the morning, decreases during the day and rises again during night. But this diurnal rhythm is abolished in long-term unconscious patients and in those with disturbed sleep cycles. In addition, patients with central nervous system disease, who are conscious but have lesions in the temporal lobe, and the pretectal or hypothalamus area, demonstrate abnormal rhythms.

Methods

This cross-sectional study recruited 33 consecutive patients attending emergency medical departments of Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital between July 2017 and April 2018 with mild to severe traumatic head injury within 6 h of injury. The selected patients were mainly divided into three groups depending on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) [mild head injury (14–15); moderate head injury (9–13); severe head injury (3–8)]. In each group, 11 patients were selected. GCS was calculated at the time of admission. The adrenal function of the patients was assessed by using the serum cortisol tests.

Results

In this comparative study of acute head injury among three groups, males are more prone to injury than females, with 81%, 90% and 72% in mild, moderate and severe injuries, respectively. The result mainly shows that the mean cortisol levels estimated were significantly increased in mild head injury and were with greater increase in cases of moderate & severe head injuries. Statistically significant positive correlation was observed between serum cortisol & GCS levels.

Conclusions

In this study of serum cortisol levels in head injury patients, we observed that there is increase in the serum cortisol level immediately after trauma. The increase is linearly related with the severity of head injury. Hence performing serum cortisol test is recommended for the assessment of adrenal function in patients with traumatic head injury.

Keywords: adrenal function; serum cortisol; traumatic head injury

Acknowledgments

I acknowledge the cooperation of all the participants in the study. I would also like to thank the central lab of Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, for their valuable support and cooperation.

Research funding: None declared.
Author contributions: The author accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
Competing interests: The author states no conflict of interest.
Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.
Ethical approval: Research involving human subjects complied with all relevant national regulations, institutional policies and is in accordance with the tenets of the Helsinki Declaration (as revised in 2013), and has been approved by the authors’ institutional review board.

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Received: 2019-07-04

Accepted: 2019-11-26

Published Online: 2020-05-29

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Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0136

Keywords for this article

adrenal function; serum cortisol; traumatic head injury