Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential of ethanol extract of Salacia lehmbachii stem bark in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
-
Godwin C. Akuodor
,
Linus K. Eban
Abstract
Background
Salacial lehmbachii stem bark is used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. Treatment of diabetes is necessary to reduce these complications.
Methods
In this study, the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential of S. lehmbachii ethanol stem bark extract was evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats at a dose of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg p.o. daily for 21 days. Blood glucose levels, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were assessed in the animals.
Results
Treatment of alloxan-induced diabetic rats with S. lehmbachii stem bark extract showed significant (p<0.01) reduction in blood glucose levels when compared with diabetic control. The elevated levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL were significantly (p<0.01) reduced by S. lehmbachii stem bark extract, while the level of HDL significantly (p<0.01) increased.
Conclusions
The results obtained suggest that S. lehmbachii stem bark extract has the potential to treat diabetes condition and hyperlipidemic disorders.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
References
1. Shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010;87:4–14.10.1016/j.diabres.2009.10.007Search in Google Scholar
2. Burke JP, Williams K, Narayan KM, Lelbson C, Haffner SM, Stern MP. A population perspective on diabetes prevention: whom should we target for preventing weight gain? Diabetes Care 2003;26:1999–2004.10.2337/diacare.26.7.1999Search in Google Scholar
3. Kameswara RB, Renuka SP, Rajasekhar MD, Nagaraju N, Appa Rao CH. Hypoglycemic activity of Terminalia pallida fruit in alloxan induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacology 2003;85:169–72.10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00396-3Search in Google Scholar
4. Bhattaram VA, Graefe U, Kohlert C, Veit M, Derendorf H. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of herbal medicinal products. Phytomed 2002;9:1–36.10.1078/1433-187X-00210Search in Google Scholar
5. Bailey CJ, Day C. Traditional treatments for diabetes. Diabetes Care 1989;12:553–64.10.2337/diacare.12.8.553Search in Google Scholar
6. Mitra SK, Gopumadhavan S, Muralidhar TS, Danturlikar SD, Sujatha MB. Effect of a herbomineral preparation D-400 in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 1996;54:41–6.10.1016/0378-8741(96)01439-0Search in Google Scholar
7. Annapurna A, Mahalakshmi DK, Krishna KM. Antidiabetic activity of a polyherbal preparation (tincture of punchparna) in normal and diabetic rats. Indian J Exp Biol 2001;39:500–2.Search in Google Scholar
8. Bhattacharya SK, Satyan KS, Chakrbarti A. Effect of Trasina, an Ayurvedic herbal formulation, on pancreatic islet superoxide dismutase activity in hyperglycaemic rats. Indian J Exp Biol 1997;35:297–9.Search in Google Scholar
9. Pari L, Saravanan R. Antidiabetic effect of diasulin, an herbal drug, on blood glucose, plasma insulin and hepatic enzymes of glucose metabolism in hyperglycaemic rats. Diabetes Obesity Metab 2004;6:286–92.10.1111/j.1462-8902.2004.0349.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
10. Kumar S, Kumar DR. Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Euphorbia hirta Linn. In streptozotocin induced induced diabeticmice. Indian J Nat Prod Resour 2010;1:200–3.Search in Google Scholar
11. Jia W, Gao WY, Xiao PG. Antidaibetic drugs of plant origin used in China: composition, pharmacology and hypoglycemic mechanisms. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2003;28:108–13.Search in Google Scholar
12. Elder C. Ayurveda for diabetes mellitus: a review of the biomedical literature. Altern Ther Health Med 2004;10:44–50.Search in Google Scholar
13. Corstiaen PC, Sosef SM. Revision of African genus Annickia. Syst Geogr Plants 2007;77:146–52.Search in Google Scholar
14. Essien AD, Akuodor GC, Essien EA, Asika EC, Chilaka KC, Nwadum SK, Evaluation of antipyretic potential of the ethanolic leaf extract of Salacia lehmbachii Loes. Asian J Med Sci 2015;7:22–5.10.19026/ajms.7.5175Search in Google Scholar
15. Essien AD, Essiet GA, Akuodor GC, Aja DO, Thomas EE. Studies on gastrointestinal properties of ethanolic leaf extract of Salacia lehmbachii in Wistar rats. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 2016;10:451–7.10.5897/AJPP2016.4536Search in Google Scholar
16. Takem LP, Lawal BA, Udia PM. Analgesic and acute anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic root extract of Salacia lehmbachii. Br J Pharm Res 2014;4:2172–81.10.9734/BJPR/2014/9250Search in Google Scholar
17. Essien AD, Takem LP, Anele EI. In vitro cholinergic and acute toxicity evaluations of Salacia lehmbachii. Int J Pharm Pharmacol Res 2015;5:200–7.Search in Google Scholar
18. Essiet GA, Essien AD, Udoh FV, Essiet A. Antifertility effects of ethanol extract of Salacia lehmbachii root bark in Albino rats. J Adv Med Pharm Sci 2016;8:1–8.10.9734/JAMPS/2016/26576Search in Google Scholar
19. Sofowora A. Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa. 2nd ed. Ibadan: Spectrum Books Limited, 1993:134–156.Search in Google Scholar
20. Njoku VO, Obi C. Phytochemical constituents of some selected medicinal plants. Afr J Pure Appl Chem 2009;3:228–33.10.5897/AJB11.1948Search in Google Scholar
21. Borokini TI, Omotayo FO. 2Phytochemical and ethnobotanical study of some selected medicinal plants from Nigeria. J Med Plants Res 2012;6:1106–18.10.5897/JMPR09.430Search in Google Scholar
22. Sengul M, Yildiz H, Gungor N, Cetin B, Eser Z, Ercisli S. Total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some medicinal plants. Pakistan J Pharm Sci 2009;22:102–6.Search in Google Scholar
23. National Institute of Health, Guide for the Care and the Use of Laboratory Animals. Bethesda: National Institute of Health, 1985:85–123.Search in Google Scholar
24. OECD, Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals; Acute Oral Toxicity – Acute Toxicity Class Method, Paris: OECD, 2001. Health Effects Test No.423.Search in Google Scholar
25. Liu Z, Li J, Zeng Z, Liu M, Wang M. The antidiabetic effects of cysteinyl metformin, a newly synthesized agent, in alloxan- and streptozocin- induced diabetic rats. Chem Biol Interact 2008;173:68–75.10.1016/j.cbi.2007.11.012Search in Google Scholar
26. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972;18:499–502.10.1093/clinchem/18.6.499Search in Google Scholar
27. Kumar S, Kumar V, Prakash OM. Antidiabetic and anti-lipemic effects of Cassia siamea leaves extract in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2011;3:871–3.10.1016/S1995-7645(10)60209-XSearch in Google Scholar
28. Pari L, Latha M. Effect of Cassia auriculata flowers on blood sugar levels, serum and tissue lipids in streptpzotocin diabetic rats. Singapore Med J 2002;43:617–21.Search in Google Scholar
29. Lee MK, Kim MJ, Cho SY, Park SA, Park KK, Jung UJ et al. Hypoglycemic effect of Du-zhong (Eucommia ulmoids Oliv.) leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabet Res Clin Pract 2005;67:22–8.10.1016/j.diabres.2004.05.013Search in Google Scholar PubMed
30. Khan BA, Abraham A, Leelamma S. Hypoglycemic action of Murraya koengii (curry leaf) and Brussia juncea (mustard): mechanism of action. Indian J Biochem Biophys 1995;32: 106–8.Search in Google Scholar
31. Rajkumar L, Srinivasan N, Balasubramanian K, Govindarajulu P. Increased degradation ofdermal collagenin diabetic rats. Int J Exp Biol 1991;29:1081–3.Search in Google Scholar
32. Chatterjea MN, Shinde R. Diabetes mellitus. In: Text book of medical biochemistry. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2002:317.Search in Google Scholar
33. Mironova MA, Klein RL, Virella GT, Lopes-Virella MF. Anti-modified LDL antibodies, LDL-containing immune complexes, and susceptibility of LDL to in vitro oxidation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2000;49:1033–49.10.2337/diabetes.49.6.1033Search in Google Scholar PubMed
34. Bishop ML, Fody EP, Schoeff L. E. Clinical chemistry: Principles, procedures, correlations, 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010.Search in Google Scholar
35. Pandhare RB, Sangameswaran B, Mohite PB, Khanag SG. Antihyperglycaemic and lipid lowering potential of Adenanthera pavonina Linn. in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Oriental Pharm Exp Med 2012;12:197–203.10.1007/s13596-012-0074-2Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
36. Gupta RK, Kesari AN, Watal G, Murthy PS, Chandra R, Maithal K, et al. Hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effect of aqueous extract of leaves of Annona squamosal. Curr Sci 2005;88:1244–54.Search in Google Scholar
37. Krishnakumar K, Augustti KT, Vijayammal PL. Hypolipedemic effect of Solacia oblanga wall. Root bark in Streptozotocin diabetic rats. Med Sci 2000;28:65–7.Search in Google Scholar
38. Narayana KR, Reddy MS, Chaluvadi MR, Krishna DR. Bioflavonoids classification, pharmacological, biochemical effects and therapeutic potential Indian. J Pharmacol 2001;33:2–16.Search in Google Scholar
39. Chang CC, Yang MH, Wen HM, Chern JC. Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. J Food Drug Anal 2002;10:178–82.10.38212/2224-6614.2748Search in Google Scholar
40. Bhadoriya SS, Ganeshpurkar A, Bhadoriya RP, Sahu SK, Patel JR. Antidiabetic potential of polyphenolic-rich fraction of Tamarindus indica seed coat in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018;29:37–45.10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0193Search in Google Scholar PubMed
41. Tandon S. Phytochemicals and cardiovascular health. High Current R and D 2005;28:18–22.Search in Google Scholar
©2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Oxidative Stress
- Primary concept of nickel toxicity – an overview
- Behavior and Neuroprotection
- Review of thiamine deficiency disorders: Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff psychosis
- Infection
- Opportunistic infection at the start of antiretroviral therapy and baseline CD4+ count less than 50 cells/mm3 are associated with poor immunological recovery
- Inflammation
- Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of Tetracera alnifolia Willd. (Dilleniaceae) hydroethanolic leaf extract
- Oxidative Stress
- Influence of eugenol on oxidative stress biomarkers in the liver of carrageenan-induced arthritis rats
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluvoxamine ameliorates stress- and NSAID-induced peptic ulcer possibly by involving Hsp70
- The ethanol leaf extract of Andrographis paniculata blunts acute renal failure in cisplatin-induced injury in rats through inhibition of Kim-1 and upregulation of Nrf2 pathway
- Effect of l-carnitine on aspartame-induced oxidative stress, histopathological changes, and genotoxicity in liver of male rats
- Reproduction
- Sympathovagal imbalance and neurophysiologic cognitive assessment using evoked potentials in polycystic ovary syndrome in young adolescents – a cross-sectional study
- Phytotherapy
- Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential of ethanol extract of Salacia lehmbachii stem bark in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
- Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of oral administration of garlic extract in the livers of type 1 diabetic rats
- Anabasis aretioides Coss. & Moq. phenolic compounds exhibit in vitro hypoglycemic, antioxidant and antipathogenic properties
- Cardiovascular Function
- Cardioautonomic responses to acute ingestion of ice water and its correlation to body mass index
- Metabolism
- Repeated restraint stress upregulates rat sulfotransferase 1A1
- Case Report
- Tramadol-induced parkinsonism: a case report of a 75-year-old woman
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Oxidative Stress
- Primary concept of nickel toxicity – an overview
- Behavior and Neuroprotection
- Review of thiamine deficiency disorders: Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff psychosis
- Infection
- Opportunistic infection at the start of antiretroviral therapy and baseline CD4+ count less than 50 cells/mm3 are associated with poor immunological recovery
- Inflammation
- Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of Tetracera alnifolia Willd. (Dilleniaceae) hydroethanolic leaf extract
- Oxidative Stress
- Influence of eugenol on oxidative stress biomarkers in the liver of carrageenan-induced arthritis rats
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluvoxamine ameliorates stress- and NSAID-induced peptic ulcer possibly by involving Hsp70
- The ethanol leaf extract of Andrographis paniculata blunts acute renal failure in cisplatin-induced injury in rats through inhibition of Kim-1 and upregulation of Nrf2 pathway
- Effect of l-carnitine on aspartame-induced oxidative stress, histopathological changes, and genotoxicity in liver of male rats
- Reproduction
- Sympathovagal imbalance and neurophysiologic cognitive assessment using evoked potentials in polycystic ovary syndrome in young adolescents – a cross-sectional study
- Phytotherapy
- Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential of ethanol extract of Salacia lehmbachii stem bark in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
- Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of oral administration of garlic extract in the livers of type 1 diabetic rats
- Anabasis aretioides Coss. & Moq. phenolic compounds exhibit in vitro hypoglycemic, antioxidant and antipathogenic properties
- Cardiovascular Function
- Cardioautonomic responses to acute ingestion of ice water and its correlation to body mass index
- Metabolism
- Repeated restraint stress upregulates rat sulfotransferase 1A1
- Case Report
- Tramadol-induced parkinsonism: a case report of a 75-year-old woman
