Role of atrial natriuretic peptide in controlling diabetic nephropathy in rats
-
Lakhwinder Singh
und
Sumeet Gupta
Abstract
Background
Diabetes is a downregulator of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), resulting in reduced nitric oxide level and low expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by which nitric oxide level get reduced. In the present study, we examined the role of ANP in reduced nitric oxide level, which may be responsible in controlling diabetic nephropathy in rats.
Methods
Serum nitrite/nitrate ratio, blood urea nitrogen, protein in urine, urinary output, serum creatinine, serum cholesterol, kidney weight, kidney hypertrophy, renal cortical collagen content, thiobarbituric acid level, and antioxidant enzymatic activities were assessed.
Results
Treatment with lisinopril (1 mg/kg) significantly attenuated diabetes-induced elevated glucose level, cholesterol level, and protein in urine concentration. Whereas ANP at low dose (5 μg/kg) has no effect on elevated markers of diabetic nephropathy, treatment with intermediate (10 μg/kg) and high-dose ANP (20 μg/kg) significantly attenuated the diabetes-induced increased blood urea nitrogen, protein in urine, urinary output, creatinine, cholesterol, kidney weight, kidney hypertrophy, renal collagen content, and thiobarbituric acid level and reduced endogenous antioxidant enzymatic activities. High dose of ANP was more effective in attenuating the diabetes-induced nephropathy, renal oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzyme activity as compared with the treatment with low-dose ANP (5 μg/kg), intermediate-dose ANP (10 μg/kg), or lisinopril (1 mg/kg, employed as standard agent). Administration of erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine, a phosphodiesterase-2 inhibitor (3 mg/kg), in combination with high-dose ANP significantly attenuated high-dose ANP induced ameliorative effects in diabetic nephropathy.
Conclusions
Taken together, these results indicate that diabetes-induced oxidative stress and lipid alterations may be responsible for the induction of nephropathy in diabetic rats. ANP at intermediate and high doses have prevented the development of diabetes-induced nephropathy by reducing the cholesterol level, protein in urine concentration, and renal oxidative stress and by increasing the nitrite/nitrate ratio, certainly providing the direct nephroprotective action.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University Jalandhar (India) for the support and encouragement.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
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©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Review
- Rabbits and men: relating their ages
- Minireview
- Orphan drugs: trends and issues in drug development
- Phytotherapy
- Influence of Loranthus micranthus on hepatic and renal antioxidant status and impaired glycolytic flux in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
- Garlic (Allium sativum) increases SIRT1 and SIRT2 gene expressions in the kidney and liver tissues of STZ- and STZ+niacinamide-induced diabetic rats
- Reproduction
- A comparative study of the effect of stress on the cognitive parameters in women with increased body mass index before and after menopause
- Comparative effect of the aqueous extracts of Aloe buettneri, Dicliptera verticillata, Hibiscus macranthus and Justicia insularis on the sexual maturation of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin-primed immature female rats
- Oxidative Stress
- Effect of L-carnitine on the skeletal muscle contractility in simvastatin-induced myopathy in rats
- Infection
- Anti-plasmodial activity of sodium acetate in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice
- Vascular Conditions
- Role of atrial natriuretic peptide in controlling diabetic nephropathy in rats
- Inflammation
- Anti-inflammatory and insulin secretory activity in experimental type-2 diabetic rats treated orally with magnesium
- Effects of artemisinin, with or without lumefantrine and amodiaquine on gastric ulcer healing in rat
- Behavior and Neuroprotection
- Effect of flavonol and its dimethoxy derivatives on paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in mice
- Hematological Profile
- Interactive effects of alcohol and chloroquine on hematologic profile of Wistar rats
- Metabolism
- Effects of α-(prazosin and yohimbine) and β-receptors activity on cAMP generation and UCP1 gene expression in brown adipocytes
- Differential sensitivity of chronic high-fat-diet-induced obesity in Sprague-Dawley rats
- Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Interactions
- A pilot study exploring the impact of cardiac medications on ciliary beat frequency: possible implications for clinical management
- Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity
- Effects of a new chlorhexidine varnish on Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation in vitro
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Review
- Rabbits and men: relating their ages
- Minireview
- Orphan drugs: trends and issues in drug development
- Phytotherapy
- Influence of Loranthus micranthus on hepatic and renal antioxidant status and impaired glycolytic flux in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
- Garlic (Allium sativum) increases SIRT1 and SIRT2 gene expressions in the kidney and liver tissues of STZ- and STZ+niacinamide-induced diabetic rats
- Reproduction
- A comparative study of the effect of stress on the cognitive parameters in women with increased body mass index before and after menopause
- Comparative effect of the aqueous extracts of Aloe buettneri, Dicliptera verticillata, Hibiscus macranthus and Justicia insularis on the sexual maturation of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin-primed immature female rats
- Oxidative Stress
- Effect of L-carnitine on the skeletal muscle contractility in simvastatin-induced myopathy in rats
- Infection
- Anti-plasmodial activity of sodium acetate in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice
- Vascular Conditions
- Role of atrial natriuretic peptide in controlling diabetic nephropathy in rats
- Inflammation
- Anti-inflammatory and insulin secretory activity in experimental type-2 diabetic rats treated orally with magnesium
- Effects of artemisinin, with or without lumefantrine and amodiaquine on gastric ulcer healing in rat
- Behavior and Neuroprotection
- Effect of flavonol and its dimethoxy derivatives on paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in mice
- Hematological Profile
- Interactive effects of alcohol and chloroquine on hematologic profile of Wistar rats
- Metabolism
- Effects of α-(prazosin and yohimbine) and β-receptors activity on cAMP generation and UCP1 gene expression in brown adipocytes
- Differential sensitivity of chronic high-fat-diet-induced obesity in Sprague-Dawley rats
- Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Interactions
- A pilot study exploring the impact of cardiac medications on ciliary beat frequency: possible implications for clinical management
- Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity
- Effects of a new chlorhexidine varnish on Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation in vitro
