Ficus cunia Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. (leaves): An experimental evaluation of the cytotoxicity, thrombolytic, analgesic and neuropharmacological activities of its methanol extract
-
Abul Hasanat
,
Md. Adnan
Abstract
Background
The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the cytotoxic, thrombolytic, analgesic, sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytic activities of the methanolic extract of Ficus cunia leaves.
Methods
Primary phytochemical screening was accomplished by using established methods. Cytotoxicity was studied by brine shrimp lethality test, and the thrombolytic assay was conducted through clot lysis method with human blood. The in vivo action was done using mice of both sexes. The analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin-induced paw licking test. Open field, hole cross and thiopental Na-induced sleeping time test were used to examine the sedative-hypnotic activity, and elevated plus maze (EPM) and hole board test were used to identify the anxiolytic activity.
Results
The results elicited that the extract contained several phytochemicals such as alkaloid, flavonoid, and tannin. The extract was found to have a median lethal concentration (LC50) value of 55.48 μg/mL in the brine shrimp lethality bioassay. It was also assessed for antithrombotic activity when compared with streptokinase; it has significant (p < 0.001) thrombolytic effect (34.72 ± 1.74%) contrasted with standard streptokinase (67 ± 1.56%). The extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg produced inhibition of 32.58% and 46.63% in acetic acid-induced pain and 45.88 and 61.18% in formalin-induced pain. The sedative and hypnotic activities on the central nervous system of the methanol extract of F. cunia (MEFC) leaves were evaluated. The extract delivered critical sedative impact at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg (by oral route) treated with reference to the substance diazepam, and the hypnotic impact was also observed in the case of mice. MEFC at its maximum dose (400 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.01) increased the time spent in the open arms of the EPM. In the hole board test, there was a dose-dependent (at 200 and 400 mg/kg) and a significant (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) increase in the number of head pokes in comparison to control.
Conclusions
The results of the present study gave a helpful baseline in progression for the possible use of MEFC as a cytotoxic, thrombolytic, analgesic, sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytic drug.
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to the Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC) for providing the facilities to carry out the experiment. The authors are also thankful to all the members of GUSTO A research group (http://gustoarg.org) for their kind help in the experiment.
Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors’ contributions: AH, MAA, MNI, and MA collected and prepared the plant extract. AH, MSHK, TAC, MMH, and SA conducted the whole experiments. MSHK conceived and designed the study, did the literature review, collected and interpreted the data, performed statistical analysis and also wrote the manuscript. MNUC did the literature study and assisted in the preparation of the original draft and revision of the final version of the manuscript. ATMMMK supervised the study design and manuscript preparation.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Minireview
- Glial pathology in neuropsychiatric disorders: a brief review
- Original Articles
- Fenugreek seed extract ameliorates cognitive deficits in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
- The effect of silymarin supplementation on cognitive impairment induced by diabetes in rats
- Evaluation of the antianxiety and antidepressant activities of mosapride in Wistar albino rats
- Sexual stimulant effects of the mixture of Mondia whitei, Dracaena arborea, and Bridelia ferruginea in normal and prediabetic male Wistar rats
- Evaluating exercise challenge to validate cardiac autonomic dysfunction in lean PCOS phenotype
- Involvement of proinflammatory cytokines and metallothionein in the repairing of arsenic-mediated uterine tissue damage by curcumin
- Antioxidant potentials and effects on the hematology and osmotic fragility scores of a polyherbal formulation used in Southeast Nigeria
- Protective mechanisms of protocatechuic acid against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rat model
- Phytochemicals and antidiabetic activity of the aqueous extract of the Punica granatum fruit in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
- Ficus cunia Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. (leaves): An experimental evaluation of the cytotoxicity, thrombolytic, analgesic and neuropharmacological activities of its methanol extract
- Ameliorative effects of Annona muricata Linn. (Annonaceae) against potassium dichromate-induced hypertension in vivo: involvement of Kim-1/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 signaling
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