Evaluation of cytotoxic, analgesic, antidiarrheal and phytochemical properties of Hygrophila spinosa (T. Anders) whole plant
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S.M. Faysal Bellah
Abstract
Background:
Synthetic drugs are going to be replaced by plant-derived traditional drugs due to their cost effectiveness, relatively less harmfulness, and efficacy against multidrug resistance organisms. Hygrophila spinosa (Acanthaceae) has been used in a wide range of ailments including flatulence, diarrhea, dysentery, gonorrhea, and menorrhagia. Therefore, we investigated the cytotoxic, antinociceptive, and antidiarrheal effects of H. spinosa ethanol extract (EExHs).
Methods:
Preliminary phytochemical screening was accomplished by established methods modified in experimental protocol. EExHs was undertaken for cytotoxic assay by Brine shrimp lethality bioassay, antinociceptive action by acetic acid induced writhing test, and antidiarrheal activity by castor oil induced antidiarrheal test. Data were analyzed by GraphPad Prism 6.0 software using Dunnett’s test for multiple comparisons.
Results:
Reducing sugar, steroid, glycoside, tannin, alkaloid, saponins, and flavonoids were found to be present in EExHs. Lethal concentration (LC50) of EExHs for brine shrimps was 50.59 µg/mL which was relatively lower than that of the standard drug vincristine sulfate. In acetic acid induced writhing test, oral administration of EExHs at three different doses (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) decreased writhing in dose-dependent manner while the highest dose (500 mg/kg) achieved the maximum percentages of pain inhibition (58.8%). Diclofenac sodium (25 mg/kg) was used as a reference antinociceptive drug. The antidiarrheal action of EExHs was not found to be very promising for further use; however, the pure compounds from EExHs could be analyzed to justify the effects.
Conclusions:
This research demonstrates that the secondary metabolites guided cytotoxic and analgesic effects could be extensively studied in multiple models to confirm the effects.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank the authority of Khulna University for their kind support in progress of the research.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission. SMFB, MNI, and MRK have designed the study, performed the experimental works in laboratory. MNI, ASMAR, and MSN have collected sample, written the manuscript, and analyzed the data. MAR, MRM, and ASMAR have also endeavored the data analysis, interpretation of the results, revision of the whole manuscript with grammar checking, and technical design.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
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©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Antidepressant and anxiolytic-like, sedation and hypnosis
- Behavior and Neuroprotection
- Neuropharmacological and neurochemical evaluation of N-n-propyl-3-ethoxyquinoxaline-2-carboxamide (6n): a novel serotonergic 5-HT3 receptor antagonist for co-morbid antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like potential using traumatic brain injury model in rats
- Neuropharmacological evaluation of a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)(3-methoxyquinoxalin-2-yl) methanone (6g) on lipopolysaccharide-induced anxiety models in mice
- Effect of Salacia reticulata W. and Clitoria ternatea L. on the cognitive and behavioral changes in the streptozotocin-induced young diabetic rats
- In vivo sedative and hypnotic activities of methanol extract from the leaves of Jacquemontia paniculata (Burm.f.) Hallier f. in Swiss Albino mice
- Reproduction
- Bonny light crude oil-induced alteration in levels of testicular stress proteins is accompanied by apoptosis in rats after treatment withdrawal
- Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Interactions
- Meteorological parameters and pollutants on asthma exacerbation in Bangalore, India – an ecological retrospective time-series study
- Oxidative Stress
- Antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of leaf extract and fractions of Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach) W.F. Wright
- Oxidative stress, histopathological and electron microscopic alterations induced by dimethylnitrosamine in renal male mice and the protective effect of α-lipoic acid
- Effects of altered thyroid states on oxidative stress parameters in rats
- Metabolism
- The effects of smoking and nicotine ingestion on exercise heat tolerance
- Inflammation
- Investigation of antinociceptive activity of methanolic extract of Persicaria orientalis leaves in rodents
- Infection
- Antiplasmodial activity of the ethanolic root bark extract of Icacina senegalensis in mice infected by Plasmodium berghei
- Phytotherapy
- Evaluation of cytotoxic, analgesic, antidiarrheal and phytochemical properties of Hygrophila spinosa (T. Anders) whole plant
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Antidepressant and anxiolytic-like, sedation and hypnosis
- Behavior and Neuroprotection
- Neuropharmacological and neurochemical evaluation of N-n-propyl-3-ethoxyquinoxaline-2-carboxamide (6n): a novel serotonergic 5-HT3 receptor antagonist for co-morbid antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like potential using traumatic brain injury model in rats
- Neuropharmacological evaluation of a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)(3-methoxyquinoxalin-2-yl) methanone (6g) on lipopolysaccharide-induced anxiety models in mice
- Effect of Salacia reticulata W. and Clitoria ternatea L. on the cognitive and behavioral changes in the streptozotocin-induced young diabetic rats
- In vivo sedative and hypnotic activities of methanol extract from the leaves of Jacquemontia paniculata (Burm.f.) Hallier f. in Swiss Albino mice
- Reproduction
- Bonny light crude oil-induced alteration in levels of testicular stress proteins is accompanied by apoptosis in rats after treatment withdrawal
- Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Interactions
- Meteorological parameters and pollutants on asthma exacerbation in Bangalore, India – an ecological retrospective time-series study
- Oxidative Stress
- Antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of leaf extract and fractions of Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach) W.F. Wright
- Oxidative stress, histopathological and electron microscopic alterations induced by dimethylnitrosamine in renal male mice and the protective effect of α-lipoic acid
- Effects of altered thyroid states on oxidative stress parameters in rats
- Metabolism
- The effects of smoking and nicotine ingestion on exercise heat tolerance
- Inflammation
- Investigation of antinociceptive activity of methanolic extract of Persicaria orientalis leaves in rodents
- Infection
- Antiplasmodial activity of the ethanolic root bark extract of Icacina senegalensis in mice infected by Plasmodium berghei
- Phytotherapy
- Evaluation of cytotoxic, analgesic, antidiarrheal and phytochemical properties of Hygrophila spinosa (T. Anders) whole plant
