Monitoring of volcanic precursors using satellite data: the case of Taftan volcano in Iran
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Mehdi Akhoondzadeh
Abstract
In recent weeks, there have been reports of gas emanations from the crater of the dormant Taftan volcano in Iran. In this study, due to the limitations of ground stations and the advantages of satellite remote sensing, it has been tried to detect possible anomalies using the plasma data measured by Swarm (A, B and C) and GPS (Global Positioning System) satellites around the location of the mentioned volcano. Also, lithospheric and atmospheric data including OLR (Outgoing Longwave Radiation), water vapor, ozone, relative humidity, surface and air temperature, AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) using the Giovanni website in a period of about 5 months, were downloaded and analyzed. Using the median and interquartile method, possible anomalies were detected in the pre-processed time series of the desired parameters. To justify some of the non-volcanic anomalies, synoptic data including precipitation and temperature were prepared from the nearest ground station. By rejecting the possibility that some detected anomalies are related to volcanic activities, hypotheses were presented for other proposed anomalies. As a result of this research, the capabilities of Swarm satellites and GPS-TEC (Total Electron Content) are emphasized in studies related to the prediction, detection and tracking of volcanic activities and it is shown that by comparative comparison with other lithospheric and atmospheric precursors, uncertainty in eruption prediction can be reduced.
Acknowledgments
The author would like to acknowledge the Space Weather Canada for the solar data that are freely available at https://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/solarflux/sx-5-flux-en.php, Giovanni web site for the atmospheric data that are freely available at http://giovanni.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/giovanni/, the European Space Agency (ESA) for the Swarm data that are freely available at HTTP or FTP (anonymous login) server: swarm-diss.eo.esa.int and NASA NOAA for the geomagnetic indices that are freely available at https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomag/indices/indices.html.
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Research ethics: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: The author has accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
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Conflict of interest: The author states no conflict interest.
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Research funding: No funding.
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Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.
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© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Research Articles
- Locally robust Msplit estimation
- Extending geodetic networks for geo-monitoring by supervised point cloud matching
- Evaluation and homogenization of a marine gravity database from shipborne and satellite altimetry-derived gravity data over the coastal region of Nigeria
- Modelling geoid height errors for local areas based on data of global models
- Unmanned aerial vehicle-based aerial survey of mines in Shanxi Province based on image data
- Ionospheric TEC and its irregularities over Egypt: a comprehensive study of spatial and temporal variations using GOCE satellite data
- Monitoring of volcanic precursors using satellite data: the case of Taftan volcano in Iran
- Modeling of temperature deformations on the Dnister HPP dam (Ukraine)
- Impact of temporal resolution in global ionospheric models on satellite positioning during low and high solar activity years of solar cycle 24
- Comparative performance of PPP software packages in atmospheric delay estimation using GNSS data
- Assessment and fitting of high/ultra resolution global geopotential models using GNSS/levelling over Egypt
- An efficient ‘P1’ algorithm for dual mixed-integer least-squares problems with scalar real-valued parameters
- Spatio-temporal trajectory alignment for trajectory evaluation
- Monitoring of networked RTK reference stations for coordinate reference system realization and maintenance – case study of the Czech Republic
- Crustal deformation in East of Cairo, Egypt, induced by rapid urbanization, as seen from remote sensing and GNSS data
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Research Articles
- Locally robust Msplit estimation
- Extending geodetic networks for geo-monitoring by supervised point cloud matching
- Evaluation and homogenization of a marine gravity database from shipborne and satellite altimetry-derived gravity data over the coastal region of Nigeria
- Modelling geoid height errors for local areas based on data of global models
- Unmanned aerial vehicle-based aerial survey of mines in Shanxi Province based on image data
- Ionospheric TEC and its irregularities over Egypt: a comprehensive study of spatial and temporal variations using GOCE satellite data
- Monitoring of volcanic precursors using satellite data: the case of Taftan volcano in Iran
- Modeling of temperature deformations on the Dnister HPP dam (Ukraine)
- Impact of temporal resolution in global ionospheric models on satellite positioning during low and high solar activity years of solar cycle 24
- Comparative performance of PPP software packages in atmospheric delay estimation using GNSS data
- Assessment and fitting of high/ultra resolution global geopotential models using GNSS/levelling over Egypt
- An efficient ‘P1’ algorithm for dual mixed-integer least-squares problems with scalar real-valued parameters
- Spatio-temporal trajectory alignment for trajectory evaluation
- Monitoring of networked RTK reference stations for coordinate reference system realization and maintenance – case study of the Czech Republic
- Crustal deformation in East of Cairo, Egypt, induced by rapid urbanization, as seen from remote sensing and GNSS data
