Abstract
A polyphosphonate (PDPA) flame retardant that contains phenyl phosphonic dichloride and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide groups, has been synthesized. The flame retardant was introduced into epoxy resins (EP) and cured by 4,4’-diamino diphenylmethane. The vertical burning, limited-oxygen index and cone calorimeter tests reveal that the PDPA can enhance the flame-retardant properties of the EP significantly. With only a 4 wt% PDPA loading, the EP composites achieved a limited-oxygen index value of 33.4% and a V-0 rating in the vertical burning test, and the peak heat release rate and total heat release were decreased by 40.9% and 24.6%, respectively. The thermal properties and gas pyrolysis products of the EP composites were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis and thermogravimetric analysis-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the morphology and structure of residual char were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Flourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. To explain the combined effects of the condensed and gas phases, modes of the flame-retardant action are proposed.
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© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston, Germany
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Review Article
- Extraction, Treatment and Applications of Natural Fibers for Bio-Composites – A Critical Review
- Regular Contributed Articles
- Multi-Layer Counter-Pressure Injection Molding for Thick-Walled Optical Lens
- Enhancing the Thermal and Mechanical Characteristics of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)-Hemp Protein Particles (HPP) Composites
- A Comparative Fatigue Analysis of GFRP, CFRP and Structural Steel for Connecting Rod Using ANSYS
- Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on Recycled High Density Polyethylene and Recycled Natural Rubber
- Design and Preparation of Magnetism-Driven Intelligent Hydrogel Actuators
- Synthesis of a Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resins: Thermal Stability, Flame Retardancy, and Flame-Retardant Modes
- New Approach to Melt Pressure Determination during Screw Channel Flow
- Effect of Basalt Intraply Fiber Hybridization on the Compression Behavior of Filament Wound Composite Pipes
- Assessment of Impact Energy, Wear Behavior, Thermal Resistance and Water Absorption Properties of Hybrid Bagasse Fiber/CaCO3 Reinforced Polypropylene Composites
- Multilevel Analysis of Strain Rate Effect on Visco-Damage Evolution in Short Random Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites
- The Effect of the Compounding Procedure on the Morphology and Mechanical Properties of PLA/PBAT-Based Nanocomposites
- PPS News
- Seikei-kakou abstracts
- PPS Membership application
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Review Article
- Extraction, Treatment and Applications of Natural Fibers for Bio-Composites – A Critical Review
- Regular Contributed Articles
- Multi-Layer Counter-Pressure Injection Molding for Thick-Walled Optical Lens
- Enhancing the Thermal and Mechanical Characteristics of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)-Hemp Protein Particles (HPP) Composites
- A Comparative Fatigue Analysis of GFRP, CFRP and Structural Steel for Connecting Rod Using ANSYS
- Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on Recycled High Density Polyethylene and Recycled Natural Rubber
- Design and Preparation of Magnetism-Driven Intelligent Hydrogel Actuators
- Synthesis of a Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resins: Thermal Stability, Flame Retardancy, and Flame-Retardant Modes
- New Approach to Melt Pressure Determination during Screw Channel Flow
- Effect of Basalt Intraply Fiber Hybridization on the Compression Behavior of Filament Wound Composite Pipes
- Assessment of Impact Energy, Wear Behavior, Thermal Resistance and Water Absorption Properties of Hybrid Bagasse Fiber/CaCO3 Reinforced Polypropylene Composites
- Multilevel Analysis of Strain Rate Effect on Visco-Damage Evolution in Short Random Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites
- The Effect of the Compounding Procedure on the Morphology and Mechanical Properties of PLA/PBAT-Based Nanocomposites
- PPS News
- Seikei-kakou abstracts
- PPS Membership application