Abstract
This article examines the language mixing practices of Puerto Rican adolescents in various social media platforms through a framework of code-mixing and socioindexicality. Over a twelve-week period, I collected samples of online text messages from six island bilinguals of an elite community of practice (CofP) and studied the way their unique socializations in private schools and bilingual universities contributed to the ways they made sense of languages, their social meaning potentials, and uses across online interactions. Against the meaningful backdrop of colonial-dynamics of Spanish and English in Puerto Rico, the paper examines how ideologies of “nationalism” and “race” get reproduced or challenged through bilingual practice, and English takes up an equally important role for the construction of social identities in the interactions of youth. Additionally, the study discusses bilingual styles that have been enregistered as social styles specific to technological mediums of communication and youth registers, Puerto Rican netspeak, as well as emerging social styles that indicate queer gender identity, or non-binary practices. In this sense, I offer a description of the island bilingual that is dynamic, strategic, and metapragmatically conscious of the purist ideologies of Spanish in Puerto Rico, as well as the indexical potentials of appropriating variable gender forms in Spanish, bilingual language practices, and netspeak registers towards the negotiation of identities in technological interaction. The way bilinguals relate to the languages at their disposal can provide a window to impending questions on the perceived coloniality of English, potential changes in language ideologies and uses, and whether and how language policies may shift to meet current demographic attitudes and language uses of contemporary Puerto Ricans.
Funding source: National Endowment for the Humanities
Award Identifier / Grant number: HB-273677-21
Acknowledgments
The findings from this paper are part of a larger study of documenting languages in the Puerto Rican youth. The project has been made possible in part by a major grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities: Democracy demands wisdom (HB-273677-21). The author of this article would like to thank Xavier Montero-Diaz, Claudia-Rodriguez Asad, and Daniella Angueira-Rosa for bringing insights into the analysis of language use in adolescent interactions online. The author would also like to thank the two anonymous reviewers that provided helpful suggestions to improve the analysis and discussions of bilingual practices in Puerto Ricans.
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Research funding: This work was supported by National Endowment for the Humanities (HB-273677-21).
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Introduction to special issue: languages in modern day Puerto Rico
- English skills of Puerto Rican students: the effect of gender, SES and school socioeconomic composition
- The bilingual styles of young Puerto Rican adolescents online
- “You have to learn the language of where you are”: language policies, ideologies, and the educational experiences of Puerto Rican transnational youth
- El español de Loíza en el Debate de los Criollos del Español: Un análisis sociohistórico y lingüístico
- The imperfect progressive in Puerto Rican Spanish: a case of language contact or grammaticalization?
- Varia
- Choosing between Cyrillic and Latin for linguistic citizenship in contemporary Serbia
- How interpreting influences defendants’ participation: a discursive study of zero renditions and non-renditions in court interpreting
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Introduction to special issue: languages in modern day Puerto Rico
- English skills of Puerto Rican students: the effect of gender, SES and school socioeconomic composition
- The bilingual styles of young Puerto Rican adolescents online
- “You have to learn the language of where you are”: language policies, ideologies, and the educational experiences of Puerto Rican transnational youth
- El español de Loíza en el Debate de los Criollos del Español: Un análisis sociohistórico y lingüístico
- The imperfect progressive in Puerto Rican Spanish: a case of language contact or grammaticalization?
- Varia
- Choosing between Cyrillic and Latin for linguistic citizenship in contemporary Serbia
- How interpreting influences defendants’ participation: a discursive study of zero renditions and non-renditions in court interpreting