Abstract
The elongation of two low temperature bainitic steels with different sulfur contents was compared under the same heat treatment. Elongations of 1.0 ± 0.5 % and 11.4 ± 1.5 % were achieved for the high- and low-S steels, respectively. A high carbon concentration and fine grain size leading to over stability of the retained austenite in the high-S steel is the main reason for the poor elongation. The differences in carbon concentration and grain size between the two steels can be attributed to pinning by MnS, where the existence of a large number of long slivers of MnS in the high-S steel was responsible for the pinning. The stability of retained austenite was also analyzed by the local tensile elongation and hardness, and the volume fraction of retained austenite that transformed to martensite during the tensile process.
-
Research ethics: Not applicable.
-
Author contributions: Conceptualization: Tingping Hou and Kaiming Wu; formal analysis: Oleg Isayev, Oleksandr Hress and Serhii Yershov; investigation: Baoqi Dong and Tingping Hou; resources: Kaiming Wu; data curation: Baoqi Dong; writing-original fraft preparation: Baoqi Dong; writing-review and editing: Peter Hodgson, Tingping Hou and Kaiming Wu; Supervision: Kaiming Wu
-
Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.
-
Research funding: The authors are grateful for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U20A20279, 51671149), the Key research and development program of Hubei Province (Grant No. 2021BAA057) and the 111 project.
-
Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.
References
1. Garcia-Mateo, C., Peet, M., Caballero, F. G., Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2013, 20, 814. https://doi.org/10.1179/026708304225017355.Search in Google Scholar
2. Garcia-Mateo, C., Caballero, F. G., Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. ISIJ Int. 2007, 43, 1821. https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.43.1821.Search in Google Scholar
3. Caballero, F. G., Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H., Mawella, K. J. A., Jones, D. G., Brown, P. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2002, 18, 279. https://doi.org/10.1179/026708301225000725.Search in Google Scholar
4. Garcia-Mateo, C., Caballero, F. G., Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. J. Phys. IV 2003, 112, 285. https://doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2003884.10.1051/jp4:2003884Search in Google Scholar
5. Garcia-Mateo, C., Caballero, F. G., Chao, J., Capdevila, C., Andres, C. G. D. J. Mater. Sci. 2009, 44, 4617. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3704-4.Search in Google Scholar
6. Garcia-Mateo, C., Caballero, F. G. Mater. Trans. 2005, 46, 1839. https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.46.1839.Search in Google Scholar
7. Luo, P., Gao, G., Zhang, H., Tan, Z., Misra, R. D. K. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2016, 661, 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.03.006.Search in Google Scholar
8. De-Cooman, B. C. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. 2004, 8, 285–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2004.10.002.Search in Google Scholar
9. Choi, K. S., Soulami, A., Liu, W. N., Sun, X., Khaleel, M. A. ISIJ Int. 1992, 32, 1311. https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.32.1311.Search in Google Scholar
10. Garcia-Mateo, C., Paul, G., Somani, M., Porter, D., Bracke, L. Metals 2017, 7, 159. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7050159.Search in Google Scholar
11. Hu, F., Wu, K. M., Hou, T. P., Peter, H., Rodionova, I. Metallurgist 2017, 60, 1295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11015-017-0444-6.Search in Google Scholar
12. Caballero, F. G., Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H., Mawella, K. J. A., Jones, D. G., Brown, P. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2013, 17, 517. https://doi.org/10.1179/026708301101510357.Search in Google Scholar
13. Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H., Edmonds, D. V. Met. Sci. 2013, 17, 420. https://doi.org/10.1179/030634583790420646.Search in Google Scholar
14. Jimenez-Melero, E., Diijk, N. H. V., Zhao, L., Sietsma, J., Offerman, S. E., Wright, J. P., Zwaag, S. V. Acta Mater. 2007, 55, 6713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2007.08.040.Search in Google Scholar
15. Lee, S., Lee, S. J., De-Cooman, B. C. Scr. Mater. 2011, 65, 225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.04.010.Search in Google Scholar
16. Matsuoka, Y., Iwasaki, T., Nakada, N., Tsuchiyama, T., Takaki, S. ISIJ Int. 2013, 53, 1224. https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.53.1224.Search in Google Scholar
17. Wang, J., Zwaag, S. V. D. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 2001, 32, 1527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-001-0240-5.Search in Google Scholar
18. Dong, B. Q., Hou, T. P., Zhou, W., Zhang, G. H., Wu, K. M. Metals 2018, 8, 931. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8110931.Search in Google Scholar
19. Lindström, A. Austempered High Silicon Steel: Investigation of Wear Resistance in a Carbide Free Microstructure. MSc thesis, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden, 2006.Search in Google Scholar
20. Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H., Edmonds, D. V. Acta Mater. 1980, 28, 1265. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(80)90082-6.Search in Google Scholar
21. Pinard, P. T., Schwedt, A., Ramazani, A., Prahl, U., Richter, S. Microsc. Microanal. 2013, 19, 996. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927613001554.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
22. Hasan, H., Peet, M. J., Avettand-Fènoë, M. N., Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2014, 615, 340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.07.097.Search in Google Scholar
23. Zare, A., Ekrami, A. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2011, 530, 440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2011.09.108.Search in Google Scholar
24. Bruce, T., Long, H., Slatter, T., Dwyer-Joyce, R. Wind Energy 2016, 19, 1903. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1958.Search in Google Scholar
25. Stephenson, K. J., Was, G. S. J. Nucl. Mater. 2016, 481, 214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.09.001.Search in Google Scholar
26. Xiong, X. C., Chen, B., Huang, M. X., Wang, J. Scr. Mater. 2013, 68, 321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.11.003.Search in Google Scholar
27. Mahieu, J., Maki, J., De-Cooman, B. C., Claessens, S. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 2002, 33, 2573. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0378-9.Search in Google Scholar
28. Biswas, D. K., Venkatraman, M., Narendranath, C. S., Chatterjee, U. K. Metall. Trans. A 1992, 23, 1479. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02647331.Search in Google Scholar
29. Chang, K., Feng, W. M., Chen, L. Q. Acta Mater. 2009, 57, 5229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2009.07.025.Search in Google Scholar
30. Guo, L., Roelofs, H., Lembke, M. I., Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2016, 10, 1. https://doi.org/10.1080/02670836.2016.1258157.Search in Google Scholar
31. Matsuzaki, A., Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. Mater. Sci. Technol. 1999, 15, 518. https://doi.org/10.1179/026708399101506210.Search in Google Scholar
32. Lan, L. Y., Qiu, C. L., Zhao, D. W., Gao, X. H., Du, L. X. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2011, 27, 1657. https://doi.org/10.1179/1743284710Y.0000000026.Search in Google Scholar
© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Papers
- Nanocrystalline PbS thin film produced by alkaline chemical bath deposition: effect of inhibitor levels and temperature on the physicochemical properties
- Effect of laser power on microstructure and tribological behavior of laser clad NiCr coating
- Mechanical characterization and evaluation of pitting corrosion resistance of a superferritic stainless steel model alloy 25Cr–6Mo–5Ni
- Factors dictating the extent of low elongation in high sulfur-containing bainitic steels
- Effect of process parameters on mechanical properties and wettability of polylactic acid by fused filament fabrication process
- Critical systematic investigation of the Cd–Ce system: phase stability and Gibbs energies of formation and equilibria via thermodynamic description
- Experimental study of the phase relations of the Fe–Pt–Ho ternary system at 500 °C
- Ultraviolet-B radiation from Gd (III) doped hardystonite
- Photoluminescence features of trivalent holmium doped Ca2La8(SiO4)6O2 phosphors
- Thermal stability of Al3BC3 powders under a nitrogen atmosphere
- News
- DGM – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Papers
- Nanocrystalline PbS thin film produced by alkaline chemical bath deposition: effect of inhibitor levels and temperature on the physicochemical properties
- Effect of laser power on microstructure and tribological behavior of laser clad NiCr coating
- Mechanical characterization and evaluation of pitting corrosion resistance of a superferritic stainless steel model alloy 25Cr–6Mo–5Ni
- Factors dictating the extent of low elongation in high sulfur-containing bainitic steels
- Effect of process parameters on mechanical properties and wettability of polylactic acid by fused filament fabrication process
- Critical systematic investigation of the Cd–Ce system: phase stability and Gibbs energies of formation and equilibria via thermodynamic description
- Experimental study of the phase relations of the Fe–Pt–Ho ternary system at 500 °C
- Ultraviolet-B radiation from Gd (III) doped hardystonite
- Photoluminescence features of trivalent holmium doped Ca2La8(SiO4)6O2 phosphors
- Thermal stability of Al3BC3 powders under a nitrogen atmosphere
- News
- DGM – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde