Home Effect of Inulin DP on Various Properties of Sugar-Free Dark Chocolates Containing Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus acidophilus
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Effect of Inulin DP on Various Properties of Sugar-Free Dark Chocolates Containing Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus acidophilus

  • Nevzat Konar ORCID logo EMAIL logo , İbrahim Palabiyik , Omer Said Toker , Derya Genc Polat , Sinem Sener , Alican Akcicek and Osman Sagdic
Published/Copyright: May 12, 2017

Abstract

In the present study, the effect of different polymerization degree of inulin on the quality parameters of conventional and sugar-free dark chocolate products as well as on the vitality of probiotics used in the chocolates were investigated. To produce sugar-free dark chocolates prepared with the addition of maltitol, Lactobacillus paracasei/L. acidophilus and inulin with DP higher than 23 and lower than 10 were used as probiotic and prebiotic agents, respectively. After 90 day of storage, more than 6 log cfu/25 g probiotics were observed in the chocolates produced by supplementing of 9 log cfu/25 g probiotics. Considering the probiotic level for both conventional and sugar-free dark chocolate, the highest probiotic level was observed in the samples prepared from L. acidophilus and inulin with DP<10. In addition, inulin with DP<10 was found as more suitable in terms of rheological characteristics of the samples. Other quality parameters (texture, colour, melting profile and water activity) changed in narrow range which was allowable when compared with the control samples. Consequently, sugar-free chocolate containing L. paracasei and L. acidophilus could be produced which might satisfy the expectations of the consumers and appropriate to industrial production similar to conventional chocolate. The findings of the present study highlighted the importance of the selection of the most suitable prebiotic/probiotic combination for maximizing probiotic level in the chocolate products.

Funding statement: This work was funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Project No. TEYDEB-3140541.

References

1. Rastall RA, Fuller R, Gaskins HR, Gibson GR. Colonic functional foods. In: Gibson GR, Williams CM, editors. Functional foods, concept to product. Cambridge, England: CRC Press Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2000:375.10.1201/9781439822838.pt2Search in Google Scholar

2. Maillard M, Landuyt A. Chocolate: an ideal carrier for probiotics. Agro Food Industry Hi-Tec. 2008;19(3 Suppl):13–15.Search in Google Scholar

3. Coman MM, Cecchini C, Verdenelli MC, Silvi S, Orpianesi C, Cresci A. Functional foods as carriers for SYNBIO, a probiotic bacteria combination. Int J Food Microbiol. 2012;157:346–352.10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.06.003Search in Google Scholar PubMed

4. Raymond Y, Champagne CP. The use of flow cytometry to accurately ascertain total and viable counts of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in chocolate. Food Microbiol. 2015;46:176–183.10.1016/j.fm.2014.07.002Search in Google Scholar PubMed

5. Saarela M, Virkajarvi I, Nohynek L, Vaari A, Matto J. Fibers as carriers for Lactobacillus rhamnosus during freeze-drying and storage in apple juice and chocolate-coated breakfast cereals. Int J Food Microbiol. 2006;112:171–178.10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.05.019Search in Google Scholar PubMed

6. Zaric DB, Bulatovic ML, Rakin MB, Krunic TZ, Loncarevic IS, Pajin BS. Functional, rheological and sensory properties of probiotic milk chocolate produced in a ball mill. RSC Adv. 2016;6:13934–13941.10.1039/C5RA21363KSearch in Google Scholar

7. Aragon-Alegro LC, Alarcon Alegro JH, Cardarelli HR, Chiu MC, Saad SM. Potentially probiotic and synbiotic chocolate mousse. LWT Food Sci Technol. 2007;40:669–675.10.1016/j.lwt.2006.02.020Search in Google Scholar

8. Lalicic-Petronijevic J, Popov-Raljic J, Obradovic D, Radulovic Z, Paunovic D, Petrusic M, et al. Viability of probiotic strains Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM®Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 and their impact on sensory and rheological properties of milk and dark chocolates during storage for 190 days. J Funct Foods. 2015;15:541–550.10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.046Search in Google Scholar

9. Yonejima Y, Hisa K, Kawaguchi M, Ashitani H, Koyama T, Usamikrank Y, et al. Lactic acid bacteria-containing chocolate as a practical probiotic product with increased acid tolerance. Biocatalysis Agric Biotechnol. 2015;4(4):773–777.10.1016/j.bcab.2015.09.001Search in Google Scholar

10. Champagne CP, Raymond Y, Guertin N, Belanger G. Effects of storage conditions, microencapsulation and inclusion in chocolate particles on the stability of probiotic bacteria in ice cream. Int Dairy J. 2015;47:109–117.10.1016/j.idairyj.2015.03.003Search in Google Scholar

11. Erdem O, Gultekin-Ozguven M, Berktas I, Ersan S, Tuna HE, Karadag A, et al. Development of a novel synbiotic dark chocolate enriched with Bacillus indicus HU36, maltodextrin and lemon fiber: optimization by response surface methodology. LWT Food Sci Technol. 2014;56:187–193.10.1016/j.lwt.2013.10.020Search in Google Scholar

12. Trautvetter U, Ditscheid B, Kiehntopf M, Jahreis G. A combination of calcium phosphate and probiotics beneficially influences intestinal lactobacilli and cholesterol metabolism in humans. Clin Nutr. 2012;31(2):230–237.10.1016/j.clnu.2011.09.013Search in Google Scholar PubMed

13. Rousseaux C, Thuru X, Gelot A, Barnich N, Neut C, Dubuquoy L, et al. Lactobacillus acidophilus modulates intestinal pain and induces opioid and cannabinoid receptors. Nat Med. 2007;13(1):35–37.10.1038/nm1521Search in Google Scholar PubMed

14. Todorov SD, Furtado DN, Saad SM, Gombossy de Melo Franco BD. Bacteriocin production and resistance to drugs are advantageous features for Lactobacillus acidophilus La-14, a potential probiotic strain. New Microbiologica. 2011;34(4):357–370.Search in Google Scholar

15. Wolvers D, Antoine JM, Myllyluoma E, Schrezenmeir J, Szajewska H, Rijkers GT. Guidance for substantiating the evidence for beneficial effects of probiotics: prevention and management of infections by probiotics. J Nutr. 2010;140(3):698S–712S.10.3945/jn.109.113753Search in Google Scholar PubMed

16. Bullock NR, Booth JC, Gibson GR. Comparative composition of bacteria in the human intestinal microflora during remission and active ulcerative colitis. Curr Issue Int Microbiol. 2004;5:59.Search in Google Scholar

17. Davis LM, Martinez I, Walter J, Hutkins R. A dose dependent impact of prebiotic galactooligosaccharides on the intestinal microbiota of healthy adults. Int J Food Microbiol. 2010;144:285–292.10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.10.007Search in Google Scholar PubMed

18. Aidoo RP, Afoakwa EO, Dewettinck K. Optimization of inulin and polydextrose mixtures as sucrose replacers during sugar-free chocolate manufacture rheological, microstructure and physical quality characteristics. J Food Eng. 2014;226:1259–1268.10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.10.036Search in Google Scholar

19. Gomes CR, Vissotto FZ, Fadini AL, Faria EV, Luiz AM. Influencia de diferentes agentes de corponas características reologicas e sensoriais de chocolates diet em sacarose e light em calorias. Ciencia e Tecnologia de Alimentos. 2007;27:613–623.10.1590/S0101-20612007000300029Search in Google Scholar

20. Konar N, Ozhan B, Artik N, Poyrazoglu ES. Using polydextrose as a prebiotic substance in milk chocolate-effects of process parameters on physical and rheological properties. CyTA J Food. 2014;12(2):150–159.10.1080/19476337.2013.807437Search in Google Scholar

21. Konar N, Ozhan B, Artik N, Dalabasmaz S, Poyrazoglu ES. Rheological and physical properties of inulin-containing milk chocolate prepared at different process conditions. CyTA J Food. 2014;12(1):55–64.10.1080/19476337.2013.793214Search in Google Scholar

22. Rezende NV, Benassi MT, Vissotto FZ, Augusto PP, Grossman MV. Mixture design applied for the partial replacement of fat with fiber in sucrose-free chocolates. LWT Food Sci Technol. 2015;62:598–604.10.1016/j.lwt.2014.08.047Search in Google Scholar

23. Shah AS, Jones GP, Vasiljevic T. Sucrose-free chocolate sweetened with Stevia rebaudiana extract and containing different bulking agents effects on physicochemical and sensory properties. Int J Food Sci Technol. 2010;45:1426–1435.10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02283.xSearch in Google Scholar

24. Aidoo RP, De Clerq N, Afoakwa EO, Dewettinck K. Industrial manufacture of sugar-free chocolates- applicability of alternative sweeteners and carbohydrate polymers as raw materials in product development. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2013;32:84–96.10.1016/j.tifs.2013.05.008Search in Google Scholar

25. Belscak-Cvitanovic A, Komes D, Dujmovic M, Karlovic S, Biskic M, Brncic M, et al. Physical, bioactive and sensory quality parameters of reduced sugar chocolates formulated with natural sweeteners as sucrose alternatives. Food Chem. 2015;167:61–70.10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.064Search in Google Scholar PubMed

26. Konar N. Influence of conching temperature and some bulk sweeteners on physical and rheological properties of prebiotic milk chocolate including containing inulin. Eur Food Res Technol. 2013;23:135–143.10.1007/s00217-012-1873-xSearch in Google Scholar

27. Sokmen A, Gunes G. Influence of some bulk sweeteners on rheological properties of chocolate. LWT Food Sci Technol. 2006;39:1053–1058.10.1016/j.lwt.2006.03.002Search in Google Scholar

28. Beards E, Tuohy K, Gibson G. A human volunteer study to assess the impact of confectionery sweeteners on the gut microbiota composition. Br J Nutr. 2010;104:701–708.10.1017/S0007114510001078Search in Google Scholar PubMed

29. Glicerina V, Balestra F, Rosa MD, Romani S. Rheological, textural and calorimetric modifications of dark chocolate during process. J Food Eng. 2013;119(1):173–179.10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.05.012Search in Google Scholar

30. Lonchampt P, Hartel RW. Surface bloom on improperly tempered chocolate. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol. 2006;108(2):159–168.10.1002/ejlt.200500260Search in Google Scholar

31. Periche A, Heredia A, Escriche I, Andrés A, Castelló ML. Potential use of isomaltulose to produce healthier marshmallows. LWT Food Sci Technol. 2015;62:605–612.10.1016/j.lwt.2014.12.024Search in Google Scholar

32. Versluis I, Papies EK, Marchiori D. Preventing the pack size effect: exploring the effectiveness of pictorial and non-pictorial serving size recommendations. Appetite. 2015;87:116–126.10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.097Search in Google Scholar PubMed

33. Watson WL, Kury A, Wellard L, Hughes C, Dunford E, Chapman K. Variations in serving sizes of Australian snack foods and confectionery. Appetite. 2016;96:32–37.10.1016/j.appet.2015.08.042Search in Google Scholar PubMed

34. Jovanovic O, Pajin B. Influence of lactic acid ester on chocolate quality. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2004;15:128–136.10.1016/j.tifs.2003.09.011Search in Google Scholar

35. Afoakwa EO, Paterson A, Fowler M, Vieira J. Particle size distribution and compositional effects on textural properties and appearance of dark chocolates. J Food Eng. 2008;87:181–190.10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.11.025Search in Google Scholar

36. Afoakwa EO, Paterson A, Fowler M, Vieira J. Effects of tempering and fat crystallisation behaviour on microstructure, mechanical properties and appearance in dark chocolate systems. J Food Eng. 2008;89:128–136.10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.04.021Search in Google Scholar

37. Farzanmehr H, Abbasi S. Effects of inulin and bulking agents on some physicochemical, textural and sensory properties of milk chocolate. J Texture Stud. 2009;40:536–553.10.1111/j.1745-4603.2009.00196.xSearch in Google Scholar

38. De Clerq N, Moens K, Depypere F, Ayala JV, Calliauw G, De Greyt W, et al. Influence of cocoa butter refining on the quality of milk chocolate. J Food Eng. 2012;111(2):412–419.10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.01.033Search in Google Scholar

39. Kieran Keogh M, Murray CA, O’Kennedy BT. Effects of selected properties of ultrafiltered spray-dried milk powders on some properties of chocolate. Int Dairy J. 2003;13:719–726.10.1016/S0958-6946(03)00124-9Search in Google Scholar

40. Aidoo H, Sakyi-Dawson E, Abbey L, Tano-Debrah K, Saalia FK. Optimisation of chocolate formulation using dehydrated peanut-cowpea milk to replace dairy milk. J Sci Food Agric. 2011;92(2):224–231.10.1002/jsfa.4563Search in Google Scholar PubMed

41. Beckett ST. Industrial chocolate manufacture and use, 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 1999.Search in Google Scholar

42. Afoakwa EO. Chocolate science and technology. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010:275.10.1002/9781444319880Search in Google Scholar

43. Do TA, Hargreveas JM, Wolf B, Hort J, Mitchell JR. Impact of particle size distribution on rheological and textural properties of chocolate models with reduced fat content. J Food Sci. 2007;72(9):E541–E552.10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00572.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

44. Fernandes VA, Müller AJ, Sandoval AJ. Thermal, structural and rheological characteristics of dark chocolate with different compositions. J Food Eng. 2013;116(1):97–108.10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.12.002Search in Google Scholar

45. Izidoro DR, Scheer AP, Sierakowski MR, Haminiuk CW. Influence of green banana pulp on the rheological behav- iour and chemical characteristics of emulsions (mayonnaises). LWT Food Sci Technol. 2008;41(6):1018–1028.10.1016/j.lwt.2007.07.009Search in Google Scholar

46. Gonçalves EV, Lannes SC. Chocolate rheology. Ciencia E Tecnologia De Alimentos. 2010;30(4):845–851.10.1590/S0101-20612010000400002Search in Google Scholar

47. Martinez-Cervera S, Salvador A, Muguerza B, Moulay L, Fiszman SM. Cocoa fibre and its application as a fat repalcer in chocolate muffins. LWT Food Sci Technol. 2011;44:729–736.10.1016/j.lwt.2010.06.035Search in Google Scholar

48. Lucisano M, Casiraghi E, Mariotti M. Influence of formulation and processing variables on ball mill refining of milk chocolate. Eur Food Res Technol. 2006;223:797–802.10.1007/s00217-006-0272-6Search in Google Scholar

49. Nebensy E, Zyzelewicz D, Motyl I, Libudzisz Z. Properties of sucrose-free chocolates enriched with viable lactic acid bacteria. Eur Food Res Technol. 2005;220:358–362.10.1007/s00217-004-1069-0Search in Google Scholar

50. Bolenz S, Amtsberg K, Schape R. The broader usage of sugars and fillers in milk chocolate made possible by the new EC cocoa directive. Int J Food Sci Technol. 2006;41:45–55.10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.01023.xSearch in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2017-5-12

© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 18.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/ijfe-2017-0045/html
Scroll to top button