Effect of Vacuum Impregnation on Drying Kinetics and Selected Quality Factors of Apple Cubes
-
Marta Pasławska
, Bogdan Stępień
Abstract
The possibility of using the vacuum impregnation as a pretreatment before drying apple cubes was investigated. The impregnation was carried out for 4.5 min with the vacuum pressure of 0.01 MPa. The sucrose solution or a mixture of sucrose and the citric acid were used as infiltration liquids. Apple cubes were dried by convective drying (CD) (at temperature of 50 and 70 °C) or microwave-vacuum drying (MVD) (at power of microwaves 120 and 480 W). The drying kinetics was determined and quality factors (anti-oxidant activity, mechanical–rheological properties and colour changes) were analysed. Studies proved that the vacuum impregnation causes increasing of the drying dynamics (12.50–28.57 % during CD and 12.50–18.48 % during MVD). All impregnated apples were darker, yellower and susceptible for deformation or cutting than non-impregnated. The highest level of anti-oxidant activity was observed when two-component impregnant before MVD by power of 480 W was used.
Funding statement: The authors would like to thank Wroclaw Centre of Biotechnology, under the program The Leading National Research Centre (KNOW) for the years 2014–2018.
Nomenclature
- aw
water activity
- a, b
relaxation process ratios
- c, d, e, f, g, h, k, n
coefficients in drying models
- CD
convective drying
- ∆E
total colour difference (–)
- dm
dry matter (%)
- FRAP
Ferric Reducing Anti-oxidant Power
- L*
lightness
- a*
redness
- b*
yellowness
- ST ERR
standard error
- SS
sucrose solution
- SS+C
sucrose and citric acid solution
- Mτ
moisture content (kg kg−1 dm)
- Me
equilibrium moisture content (kg kg−1 dm)
- M0
initial moisture content (kg kg−1 dm)
- MR
moisture ratio
- MVD
microwave-vacuum drying
- p
mean relative per cent error (%)
- W cut
cutting work (mJ)
- W com
compression work (mJ)
- R2
coefficient of determination
- RMSE
root mean square error
- Greek symbols
- α
significance level
- τ
time (min)
Subscripts
A, B, C, …indicate significant differences
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© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Editorial
- V Food Engineering Symposium (Warsaw, Poland)
- Research Articles
- Changes of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Cranberries Subjected to Ultrasound Treatment
- Effect of Vacuum Impregnation on Drying Kinetics and Selected Quality Factors of Apple Cubes
- The Influence of Selected Drying Methods on the Physical Properties of Dried Apples cv. Jonagold Grown in Different Locations in Europe
- The Effectiveness of Vacuum-microwave Drying Methods in the Preservation of Amelanchier Berries (Amelanchier canadensis L. Medik.)
- The Functional Properties of Chokeberry and Kale Powders Obtained by an Innovative Method of Fluidised-Bed Jet Milling with Drying Compared to Freeze Drying
- Diastase Activity Retention and Physical Properties of Honey/Arabic Gum Mixtures After Spray Drying and Storage
- Effect of Processing Conditions on Microstructure and Pasting Properties of Extrusion-Cooked Starches
- Research on Particles’ Velocity Distribution in a Whirlpool Separator Using the PIV Method of Measurement
- Application of Nephelometry to Automatic Control of Cleaning Time during Cleaning Process in Clean in Place System
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Editorial
- V Food Engineering Symposium (Warsaw, Poland)
- Research Articles
- Changes of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Cranberries Subjected to Ultrasound Treatment
- Effect of Vacuum Impregnation on Drying Kinetics and Selected Quality Factors of Apple Cubes
- The Influence of Selected Drying Methods on the Physical Properties of Dried Apples cv. Jonagold Grown in Different Locations in Europe
- The Effectiveness of Vacuum-microwave Drying Methods in the Preservation of Amelanchier Berries (Amelanchier canadensis L. Medik.)
- The Functional Properties of Chokeberry and Kale Powders Obtained by an Innovative Method of Fluidised-Bed Jet Milling with Drying Compared to Freeze Drying
- Diastase Activity Retention and Physical Properties of Honey/Arabic Gum Mixtures After Spray Drying and Storage
- Effect of Processing Conditions on Microstructure and Pasting Properties of Extrusion-Cooked Starches
- Research on Particles’ Velocity Distribution in a Whirlpool Separator Using the PIV Method of Measurement
- Application of Nephelometry to Automatic Control of Cleaning Time during Cleaning Process in Clean in Place System