Home Physical Sciences Application of Nephelometry to Automatic Control of Cleaning Time during Cleaning Process in Clean in Place System
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Application of Nephelometry to Automatic Control of Cleaning Time during Cleaning Process in Clean in Place System

  • Joanna Piepiórka-Stepuk EMAIL logo , Sylwia Mierzejewska and Marek Jakubowski ORCID logo
Published/Copyright: June 8, 2017

Abstract

The article aimed at the evaluation of possible use of nephelometers to monitor changes of turbidity in cleaning solution while cleaning in flow. The results demonstrate the ability to control the duration of cleaning programs. The tests were carried out in a laboratory Clean in Place station and aimed to clean a 10-section plate heat exchanger contaminated by milk. On the basis of the data, the turbidity curves were calculated. On their basis, the kinetic of the cleaning process was revealed. Following turbidity data collection, the heat exchanger plates were also checked for remaining milk contamination. The proposed cleaning steps allow for the possibility to manipulate the cleaning program’s time, and, correspondingly, enable higher energy efficiency in the program. In comparison with the conventional cleaning program currently used in processing plants, our findings demonstrate that the proposed method to monitor turbidity reduces energy consumption by 40 % without decreasing cleanliness.

References

1. Blel W, Benezech T, Legentilhomme P, Legrand J, Le Gentil-Lelievre C. Effect of flow arrangement on the removal of Bacillus spores from stainless steel equipment surfaces during a cleaning in place procedure. Chem Eng Sci. 2007;62:3798–3808.10.1016/j.ces.2007.04.011Search in Google Scholar

2. Jensen BB, Friis A, Bénézech T, Legentilhomme P, Leličvre C. Local wall shear stress variations predicted by computational fluid dynamics for hygienic design. Food Bioprod Process. 2005;Part C83(1):1–8.10.1205/fbp.04021Search in Google Scholar

3. Tamime A. Cleaning in place dairy, food and beverage operations. UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2008.10.1002/9781444302240Search in Google Scholar

4. Moerman F, Rizoulières P, Majoor FA. Cleaning in place (CIP) in food processing. In: Lelieveld HL, Holah J, Napper D, editors. Hygiene in food processing principles and practice, 2nd ed. England: Woodhead, 2014.10.1533/9780857098634.3.305Search in Google Scholar

5. Lelieveld HL, Mostert MA, Holah J, White B. Hygiene in food processing, 1st ed. England: Woodhead, 2003.10.1533/9781855737051Search in Google Scholar

6. Gönder ZB, Kaya Y, Vergili I, Barla H. Optimization of filtration conditions for CIP wastewater treatment by nanofiltration process using Taguchi approach. Sep Purif Technol. 2010;70:265–273.10.1016/j.seppur.2009.10.001Search in Google Scholar

7. Kaya Y, Barlas H, Arayici S. Nanofiltration of cleaning-in-place (CIP) wastewater in a detergent plant: effects of pH, temperature and transmembrane pressure on flux behavior. Sep Purif Technol. 2009;65:117–129.10.1016/j.seppur.2008.10.034Search in Google Scholar

8. Piepiórka-Stepuk J, Mierzejewska S. Applications of nefelometers to identify cleaning process in the flow. Eng Sci Tech. 2012;3(6):109–116 (in Polish).Search in Google Scholar

9. Ostrowska K, Janczukowicz W, Rodziewicz J, Mielcarek A. The influence of the filtration process on the content of organic compounds in relation to the concentration of nutrients in dairy wastewater. Annu Set Environ Prot. 2013;15:1411–1425 (in Polish).Search in Google Scholar

10. Xin H, Chen XD, Özkan N. A mathematical model of the removal of milk protein deposit, heat exchanger fouling and cleaning. Fundam Appl. 2004;RP1(22):158–166.Search in Google Scholar

11. Ang WS, Lee S, Elimelech M. Chemical and physical aspects of cleaning of organic-fouled reverse osmosis membranes. J Membrane Sci. 2006;272:198–210.10.1016/j.memsci.2005.07.035Search in Google Scholar

12. Lelievre C, Legentilhomme P, Gaucher C, Legrand J, Faille C, Benezech T. Cleaning in place: effect of local shear stress variation on bacterial removal from stainless steel equipment. Chem Eng Sci. 2002;57(8):1287–1287.10.1016/S0009-2509(02)00019-2Search in Google Scholar

13. Piepiórka-Stepuk J, Jakubowski M. Numerical studies of fluid flow in flat, narrow-gap channels simulating plate heat exchanger. Chem Process Eng. 2013;34(4):507–514.10.2478/cpe-2013-0041Search in Google Scholar

14. Fickak A, Al-Raisi A, Dong Chen X. Effect of whey protein concentration on the fouling and cleaning of a heat transfer surface. J Food Eng. 2011;104:323–331.10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.11.004Search in Google Scholar

15. Liu W, Christian GK, Zhang Z, Fryer PJ. Direct measurement of the force required to disrupt and remove fouling deposits of whey protein concentrate. Int Dairy J. 2006;16:164–172.10.1016/j.idairyj.2005.02.008Search in Google Scholar

16. Piepiórka-Stepuk J, Diakun J. Electrical energy aspects and cleanliness in the cleaning process in CIP system a plate heat exchanger. Tech Process Food Process. 2014;2:86–91 (in Polish).Search in Google Scholar

17. A method and system for monitoring and controlling the cleaning process in flow. Patent no P.407123 2016 .Search in Google Scholar

18. Jeurnink TJ, Kruif KG. Calcium concentration in milk in relation to heat – stability and fouling. Netherlands Milk Dairy J. 1995;49(2–3):151–165.Search in Google Scholar

19. Bansal B, Chen XD. Fouling of heat exchangers by dairy fluids – a review. Heat Exch Fouling Clean Challenges Opportunities. 2005;RP2(23):149–157.Search in Google Scholar

20. Madaeni SS, Tavakolian HR, Rahimpour F. Cleaning optimization of microfiltration membrane employed for milk sterilization. Sep Sci Technol. 2011;46:571–580.10.1080/01496395.2010.534118Search in Google Scholar

21. Palabiyik I, Yilmaz MT, Fryer PJ, Robbins PT, Toker OS. Minimising the environmental footprint of industrial-scaled cleaning processes by optimisation of a novel clean-in-place system protocol. J Clean Prod. 2015;108:1009–1018.10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.07.114Search in Google Scholar

22. Gillham CR, Fryer PJ, Hasting AP, Wilson DI. Cleaning-in-place of whey protein fouling deposits: mechanisms controlling cleaning. Food Bioprod Process. 1999;77(C2):127–136.10.1205/096030899532420Search in Google Scholar

23. Gillham CR, Fryer PJ, Hasting AP, Wilson DI. Enhanced cleaning of whey protein soils using pulsed flows. J Food Eng. 2000;46:199–209.10.1016/S0260-8774(00)00083-2Search in Google Scholar

24. Wilson DI. Challenges in cleaning: recent developments and future prospects. Heat Exch Fouling Clean Fundam Appl. 2003;RP1(21):148–157.10.1080/01457630590890175Search in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2017-6-8

© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 2.3.2026 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/ijfe-2016-0283/html
Scroll to top button