Abstract
In human developmental research, researchers always look at the effects of predictors on criterion variables, such as the influence of family on adolescent developmental outcomes. In more complex models, intervening variables such as mediators and moderators are also intrinsic to predictive relationships. Although such relationships can be examined by traditional multiple regression analyses using the ordinary least square approach, there are many limitations associated with such analyses. Alternatively, structural equation modeling represents a more powerful approach that can enable researchers to look at the relationships among three or more predictor, intervening, and criterion variables. In this paper, the influence of perceived family functioning (predictor variable) on adolescent consumption of pornographic materials (criterion variable) via positive youth development (intervening variable) was examined via LISREL in a study conducted in the context of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong.
Acknowledgments
The preparation of this paper and the Project P.A.T.H.S. were financially supported by The Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust.
References
1. Conger RD, Conger KJ. Understanding the processes through which economic hardship influences families and children. In: Crane DR, Heaton TB, editors. Handbook of families and poverty. Los Angeles, CA: Sage, 2008:64–81.Suche in Google Scholar
2. Conger RD, Donnellan MB. An interactionist perspective on the socioeconomic context of human development. Annu Rev Psychol 2007;58:175–99.10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085551Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
3. Sun RC, Shek DT. Life satisfaction, positive youth development and problem behaviour among Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. Soc Indic Res 2010;95:455–74.10.1007/s11205-009-9531-9Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
4. Sun RC, Shek DT. Positive youth development, life satisfaction and problem behaviour among Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong: a replication. Soc Indic Res 2012;105:541–59.10.1007/s11205-011-9786-9Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
5. Shek DT, Tsoi KW, Lau PS, Tsang SK, Lam MC, Lam CM. Psychological well-being, school adjustment and problem behavior in Chinese adolescents: do parental qualities matter? Int J Adolesc Med Health 2001;13:231–43.10.1515/IJAMH.2001.13.3.231Suche in Google Scholar
6. Shek DT. Chinese cultural beliefs about adversity: its relationship to psychological well-being, school adjustment and problem behavior in Chinese adolescents with and without economic disadvantage. Childhood 2004; 11:63–80.10.1177/0907568204040185Suche in Google Scholar
7. Sullivan MJ, Thorn B, Rodgers W, Ward C. Path model of psychological antecedents to pain experience: experimental and clinical findings. Clin J Pain 2004;20:164–73.10.1097/00002508-200405000-00006Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
8. Deimling GT, Smerglia VL, Schaefer ML. Family environment and decision-making satisfaction on caregiver depression: a path analytic model. J Aging Health 2001;13:47–71.10.1177/089826430101300103Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
9. Shek DT. A longitudinal study of Hong Kong adolescents’ and parents’ perceptions of family functioning and well-being. J Genet Psychol 1998;159:389–403.10.1080/00221329809596160Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
10. Shek DT. Longitudinal study of the relationship between family functioning to adolescent psychological well-being. J Youth Stud 1998;1:195–209.10.1080/13676261.1998.10593006Suche in Google Scholar
11. Shek DT. Family functioning and psychological well-being, school adjustment, and problem behavior in Chinese adolescent girls experiencing economic disadvantage. Fam Ther 2002;29:33–48.Suche in Google Scholar
12. Shek DT, Ma HK, Sun RC. A brief overview of adolescent developmental problems in Hong Kong. ScientificWorldJournal 2011;11:2243–56.10.1100/2011/896835Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
13. Shek DT, Ma HK, Sun RC. Development of a new curriculum in a positive youth development program: the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong. ScientificWorldJournal 2011;11:2207–18.10.1100/2011/289589Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
14. Shek DT, Ma CM. Impact of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in the junior secondary school years: objective outcome evaluation based on eight waves of longitudinal data. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; DOI: 10.1100/2012/170345.10.1100/2012/170345Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
15. Shek DT, Yu L. Longitudinal impact of the Project P.A.T.H.S. on adolescent risk behavior: what happened after five years. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; doi: 10.1100/2012/316029.10.1100/2012/316029Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
16. Shek DT, Siu AM, Lee TY. The Chinese Positive Youth Development Scale: a validation study. Res Soc Work Prac 2007;12:380–91.10.1177/1049731506296196Suche in Google Scholar
17. Shek DT, Ma CM. Dimensionality of the Chinese Positive Youth Development Scale: confirmatory factor analyses. Soc Indic Res 2010;98:41–59.10.1007/s11205-009-9515-9Suche in Google Scholar
18. Shek DT. Assessment of family functioning: the Chinese version of the Family Assessment Device. Res Soc Work Prac 2002;12:502–24.10.1177/1049731502012004003Suche in Google Scholar
19. Shek DT. Assessment of family functioning Chinese adolescents: the Chinese Family Assessment Instrument. In: Singh NN, Ollen-Dick T, Singh AN, editors. International perspectives on child and adolescent mental health. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2002:297–316.Suche in Google Scholar
20. Siu AM, Shek DT. Psychometric properties of the Chinese Family Assessment Instrument in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. Adolescence 2005;40:817–30.Suche in Google Scholar
21. Shek DT, Ma CM. The Chinese Family Assessment Instrument (C-FAI): hierarchical confirmatory factor analyses and factorial invariance. Res Soc Work Prac 2010;20:112–23.10.1177/1049731509355145Suche in Google Scholar
22. Bollen KA. Structural equations with latent variables. New York: John Wiley, 1989.10.1002/9781118619179Suche in Google Scholar
23. Jöreskog KG, Sörbom D. LISREL 8.80: structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International, 2006.Suche in Google Scholar
24. Steiger JH, Lind JC. Statistically based tests for the number of common factors. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Psychometric Society, Iowa City, IA, 1980.Suche in Google Scholar
25. Bentler PM. Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychol Bull 1990;107:238–46.10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
26. Bentler PM, Bonnet DC. Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychol Bull 1980;88:588–606.10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588Suche in Google Scholar
27. Schumacker RE, Lomax RG. A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling, 2nd ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2004.10.4324/9781410610904Suche in Google Scholar
28. Hu L, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equat Model 1999;6:1–55.10.1080/10705519909540118Suche in Google Scholar
29. Kline RB. Principles and practices of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford, 2005.Suche in Google Scholar
30. Satorra A, Bentler PM. Corrections to test statistics and standard errors in covariance structure analysis. In: von Eye A, Clogg CC, editors. Latent variables analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1994:399–419.Suche in Google Scholar
31. Finney SJ, DiStefano C. Non-normal and categorical data in structural equation modeling. In: Hancock GR, Mueller RO, editors. Structural equation modeling: a second course. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing, 2006:269–312.Suche in Google Scholar
32. Hooper D, Couglan J, Mullen MR. Structural equation modeling: guidelines for determining model fit. Electron J Business Res Methods 2008;6:53–60.Suche in Google Scholar
33. Miles J, Shevlin M. A time and a place for incremental fit indices. Pers Indiv Diff 2007;42:869–74.10.1016/j.paid.2006.09.022Suche in Google Scholar
34. Hald GM. Gender differences in pornography consumption among young heterosexual Danish adults. Arch Sex Behav 2006;35:577–85.10.1007/s10508-006-9064-0Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
35. Cameron KA, Salazar LF, Bernhardt JM, Burgess-Whitman N, Wingood GM, DiClemente RJ. Adolescents’ experience with sex on the web: results from online focus groups. J Adolesc 2005;28:535–40.10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.10.006Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
©2014 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Statistical analyses in human development research
- Reviews
- Use of structural equation modeling in human development research
- Application of SPSS linear mixed methods to adolescent development research: basic concepts and steps
- How to plot growth curves based on SPSS output? Illustrations based on a study on adolescent development
- Confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS: a demonstration
- Testing factorial invariance across groups: an illustration using AMOS
- The use of confirmatory factor analyses in adolescent research: Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong
- Family functioning, positive youth development, and internet addiction in junior secondary school students: structural equation modeling using AMOS
- Original Articles
- Using structural equation modeling to examine consumption of pornographic materials in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong
- Intention to engage in sexual behavior: influence of family functioning and positive youth development over time
- Objective outcome evaluation of a positive youth development program in China
- Subjective outcome evaluation of the training program of the project P.A.T.H.S.: findings based on the revised training program
- Subjective outcome evaluation of a positive youth development program in China
- The Chinese Adolescent Materialism Scale: psychometric properties and normative profiles
- The Chinese Adolescent Egocentrism Scale: psychometric properties and normative profiles
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Statistical analyses in human development research
- Reviews
- Use of structural equation modeling in human development research
- Application of SPSS linear mixed methods to adolescent development research: basic concepts and steps
- How to plot growth curves based on SPSS output? Illustrations based on a study on adolescent development
- Confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS: a demonstration
- Testing factorial invariance across groups: an illustration using AMOS
- The use of confirmatory factor analyses in adolescent research: Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong
- Family functioning, positive youth development, and internet addiction in junior secondary school students: structural equation modeling using AMOS
- Original Articles
- Using structural equation modeling to examine consumption of pornographic materials in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong
- Intention to engage in sexual behavior: influence of family functioning and positive youth development over time
- Objective outcome evaluation of a positive youth development program in China
- Subjective outcome evaluation of the training program of the project P.A.T.H.S.: findings based on the revised training program
- Subjective outcome evaluation of a positive youth development program in China
- The Chinese Adolescent Materialism Scale: psychometric properties and normative profiles
- The Chinese Adolescent Egocentrism Scale: psychometric properties and normative profiles