Startseite A novel naphthalene-pyridine Schiff base sensor for highly selective colorimetric detection of Fe2+, Fe3+, and Cu2+ ions
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A novel naphthalene-pyridine Schiff base sensor for highly selective colorimetric detection of Fe2+, Fe3+, and Cu2+ ions

  • Poonam Kaswan ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 5. Mai 2025
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International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering
Aus der Zeitschrift International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering Band 23 Heft 4

Abstract

A novel Schiff-base derivative, PNOL, incorporating pyridine and naphthalene moieties, was synthesized and characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The UV–Vis spectral behavior of PNOL was investigated under varying solvent, pH, and concentration conditions, revealing its significant sensitivity to environmental factors. The ligand demonstrated excellent selectivity and sensitivity for Fe3+, Fe2+, and Cu2+ ions, with distinct colorimetric responses visible to the naked eye. Upon metal ion binding, blue shifts in absorbance were observed at 82 nm for Cu2+, 48 nm for Fe3+, and 54 nm for Fe2+, along with an isosbestic point at ∼380 nm, confirming complex formation. Job’s plot analysis established 2:1 and 1:1 binding stoichiometries for Fe3+ and Cu2+, respectively, while Fe2+ exhibited a 1:1 complex formation. The binding constants determined for Fe2+, Fe3+, and Cu2+ were 0.56 × 107 M−1, 0.35 × 107 M−1, and 0.64 × 107 M−1, respectively, with LOD values as low as 2.4 × 10−8 mg/L (Fe2+), 5 × 10−8 mg/L (Fe3+), and 6.7 × 10−8 mg/L (Cu2+), surpassing previously reported sensors. The observed spectral shifts were attributed to ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) and internal charge transfer (ICT) interactions, inhibiting C=N isomerization. These findings establish PNOL as an efficient and selective colorimetric sensor for Fe3+, Fe2+, and Cu2+ ions, with potential applications in environmental monitoring, analytical chemistry, and biosensing.

Keywords: NNO; Schiff base ligand; colorimetric detection; UV–Vis spectroscopy; ligand-to-metal charge transfer
Corresponding author: Poonam Kaswan, Department of Industrial Chemistry, AISSMS Institute of Information Technology, Pune, 411001, Maharashtra, India; and Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Forensic Science, Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, 122413, India, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the support and facilities provided by AISSMS IOIT.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable. This study does not involve human participants, animals, or sensitive data requiring ethical clearance.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable. This study does not involve human subjects or data that requires informed consent.

  3. Author contributions: Dr Poonam Kaswan contributed equally to the conception, execution, and manuscript preparation. Specifically: Dr Poonam Kaswan: Conceptualization and writing. Dr Poonam Kaswan: Data collection and analysis. Dr Poonam Kaswan: Methodology and supervision.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: NA.

  5. Conflict of interest: NA.

  6. Research funding: NA.

  7. Data availability: NA.

Abbreviation list

Abbreviation full form

AAS

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

BH plot

Benesi-Hildebrand plot

CH3OH

Methanol

CHN analysis

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen analysis

DMF

Dimethylformamide

DMSO

Dimethyl sulfoxide

ESI-MS

Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

FTIR

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

ICP-MS

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

ICT

Internal Charge Transfer

J

Coupling constant (Hz)

LMCT

Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer

LOD

Limit of Detection

LOQ

Limit of Quantification

MeOH

Methanol

NMR

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

PNOL

2-(1-(Pyridin-2-ylmethylimino)ethyl)naphthalene-1-ol

TLC

Thin Layer Chromatography

TMS

Tetramethylsilane

UV–Vis

Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy

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Supplementary Material

This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2024-0249).

Received: 2024-12-28
Accepted: 2025-04-18
Published Online: 2025-05-05

© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2024-0249
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
NNO; Schiff base ligand; colorimetric detection; UV–Vis spectroscopy; ligand-to-metal charge transfer

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review
  3. A critical review on pyrolysis and integration strategies for medical plastic waste
  4. Articles
  5. Enhancing batch reactor temperature control: a hybrid PID-MPC approach for magnesium stearate production from palm stearin
  6. A novel naphthalene-pyridine Schiff base sensor for highly selective colorimetric detection of Fe2+, Fe3+, and Cu2+ ions
  7. Deposition of vanadium-doped black TiO2 nanoparticles on glass beads to enable the degradation of methylene blue under visible light
  8. Enhanced photo-fenton-like degradation of Orange II using iron-rich natural clay and oxalic acid under UVA-Vis irradiation
  9. Treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater using waste derived biochar: experiment and modelling
  10. Chemical kinetic analysis of H2–NH3 addition on premixed natural gas flame at elevated pressures
  11. The nonideal mixing effect on the selectivity dynamic of consecutive-parallel reactions in an isothermal continuous stirred tank reactor based on Cholette’s model
  12. Investigating the effectiveness of UV, PAC, UV H2O2 and UV Na2S2O8 processes in removing malachite green (MG) dye from aquatic environments
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