Startseite Zinc precipitation from ammonia leaching solutions of electric arc furnace dust by acetic acid
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

Zinc precipitation from ammonia leaching solutions of electric arc furnace dust by acetic acid

  • Lingqiao Guo , Qiang An ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Zhi Li , Shuman Deng , Baolong Luo , Jiali Song , Shian Deng und Haoyu Wu
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 4. März 2025
Veröffentlichen auch Sie bei De Gruyter Brill
Manuskript einreichen Informationen für Autor*innen
International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering
Aus der Zeitschrift International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering Band 23 Heft 1

Abstract

Hydrometallurgical processes are considered essential for recovering zinc resources from electric arc furnace dust (EAFD). The precipitation of zinc is crucial to the entire hydrometallurgical process, as it impacts both the quality of zinc products and the efficiency of the process. This study investigated the zinc precipitation process from ammonia–ammonium bicarbonate leached solutions using acetic acid as a precipitant. The variation in alkalinity and total ammonia during zinc recovery was studied, and the properties of the zinc-precipitating products were systematically analyzed. Zinc could be quantitatively precipitated from purified EAFD leachate using acetic acid, achieving up to 85 % zinc recovery as high-grade hydrozincite (Ζn5(CO3)2(OH)6). During the process, the alkalinity concentration decreased continuously with increasing precipitant addition, while the total ammonia concentration decreased to a certain value and then remained constant. High-grade zinc-precipitating products of Ζn5(CO3)2(OH)6 were obtained, characterized by needle-and-whisker crystal morphology. The zinc precipitate could thermally decompose to ZnO within the temperature range of 200–300 °C. These results provide valuable parameters for the industrial treatment of EAFD.

Keywords: zinc recovery; leaching liquors; electric arc furnace dust; acetic acid
Corresponding author: Qiang An, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, P.R. China, E-mail:

Funding source: National Natural Science Foundation of China

Award Identifier / Grant number: 51209240

Funding source: Technology Innovation and Application Demonstration of Chongqing Science and Technology Planning Project

Award Identifier / Grant number: cstc2018jscx-msybX0308

Funding source: Technology foresight and system innovation of Chongqing science and technology planning projects

Award Identifier / Grant number: cstc2021jsyj-zzysbAX0050

Acknowledgements

We sincerely thank the College of Environment and Ecology of Chongqing University, CISDI group Co., Ltd and CISDI Thermal & Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd. for their research facilities, as well as the editors and anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study, or their legal guardians or wards.

  3. Author contributions: Lingqiao Guo: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Validation, writing-original draft. Qiang An: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Supervision. Zhi Li: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Supervision. Shuman Deng: Methodology, Editing, Supervision. Baolong Luo: Resources, Investigation, Formal analysis. Jiali Song: Formal analysis, Data Curation. Shian Deng: Visualization, Editing. Haoyu Wu: Visualization, Editing.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no.51209240), Technology Innovation and Application Demonstration of Chongqing Science and Technology Planning Project (Project no. cstc2018jscx-msybX0308) and Technology foresight and system innovation of Chongqing science and technology planning projects (Project no. cstc2021jsyj-zzysbAX0050).

  7. Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.

References

[1] P. Palimąka, S. Pietrzyk, M. Stępień, K. Ciećko, and I. Nejman, “Zinc recovery from steelmaking dust by hydrometallurgical methods,” Metals-Basel, vol. 8, no. 7, 2018. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8070547.Suche in Google Scholar

[2] J. A. De Araujo and V. Schalch, “Recycling of electric arc furnace (EAF) dust for use in steel making process,” J. Mater. Res. Technol., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 274–279, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2014.06.003.Suche in Google Scholar

[3] A. J. B. Dutra, P. R. P. Paiva, and L. M. Tavares, “Alkaline leaching of zinc from electric arc furnace steel dust,” Miner. Eng., vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 478–485, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2005.08.013.Suche in Google Scholar

[4] World Steel Association., Steel Industry by-Products: Project Group Report 2007–2009, Brussels, World Steel Association, 2010.Suche in Google Scholar

[5] H.-X. Li, Y. Wang, and D.-Q. Cang, “Zinc leaching from electric arc furnace dust in alkaline medium,” J. Cent. South Univ. Technol., vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 967–971, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-010-0585-2.Suche in Google Scholar

[6] Environmental protection agency., European Waste Catalogue and Harzardous Waste List, Ireland, Environmental protection agency, 2002.Suche in Google Scholar

[7] P. Halli, J. Hamuyuni, H. Revitzer, and M. Lundstrom, “Selection of leaching media for metal dissolution from electric arc furnace dust,” J. Cleaner Prod., vol. 164, pp. 265–276, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.212.Suche in Google Scholar

[8] A. B. Nina Kaneva, et al.., “Effect of thermal and mechano-chemical activation on the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO for drugs degradation,” Arch. Pharmacal Res., vol. 39, no. 10, pp. 1418–1425, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-016-0789-6.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

[9] International Zinc Association. Annual Report, Durham, International Zinc Association, 2008.Suche in Google Scholar

[10] M. Kaya, S. Hussaini, and S. Kursunoglu, “Critical review on secondary zinc resources and their recycling technologies,” Hydrometallurgy, vol. 195, no. 1, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2020.105362.Suche in Google Scholar

[11] X. Lin, et al.., “Pyrometallurgical recycling of electric arc furnace dust,” J. Cleaner Prod., vol. 149, no. 7, pp. 1079–1100, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.128.Suche in Google Scholar

[12] F.-M. Zhang, “Progress of rotary hearth furnace direct reduction technology,” J. Iron Steel Res. Int., vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1347–1352, 2009.Suche in Google Scholar

[13] S. Liang, X. Liang, M. Wu, and S. Ren, “Zinc in secondary dust of rotary hearth furnace recovered by water leaching and acid leaching,” in Symposium on Rare Metal Extraction and Processing Held during the 149th TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition/Magnesium Technology Symposium Held during the 149th TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition, San Diego, TMS, 2020.10.1007/978-3-030-36758-9_27Suche in Google Scholar

[14] M. K. Jha, V. Kumar, and R. J. Singh, “Review of hydrometallurgical recovery of zinc from industrial wastes,” Resour., Conserv. Recycl., vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 1–22, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0921-3449(00)00095-1.Suche in Google Scholar

[15] J. Gamutan, S. Koide, Y. Sasaki, and T. Nagasaka, “Selective dissolution and kinetics of leaching zinc from lime treated electric arc furnace dust by alkaline media,” J. Environ. Chem. Eng., vol. 12, no. 5, p. 111789, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2023.111789.Suche in Google Scholar

[16] T. Nakamura, E. Shibata, T. Takasu, and H. Itoun, “Basic consideration on EAF dust treatment using hydrometallurgical processes,” Res. Process., vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 144–148, 2008. https://doi.org/10.4144/rpsj.55.144.Suche in Google Scholar

[17] T. V. T. I. TörÖk, “Experimental investigation of zinc precipitation from EAF dust leaching solutions,” Mat. Sci. Eng., vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 61–71, 2013. https://doi.org/api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:210964771.Suche in Google Scholar

[18] L. Guo, et al.., “Zinc precipitation from ammonia leaching solutions of electric arc furnace dust by carbon dioxide,” J. Sustain. Met., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 896–907, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-023-00695-0.Suche in Google Scholar

[19] P. Palimąka, S. Pietrzyk, M. Stępień, K. Ciećko, and I. Nejman, “Zinc recovery from steelmaking dust by hydrometallurgical methods,” Metals, vol. 8, no. 7, 2018. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8070547.Suche in Google Scholar

[20] T. Jiang, et al.., “Leaching behavior of zinc from crude zinc oxide dust in ammonia leaching,” J. Cent. South Univ., vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 2711–2723, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-021-4803-x.Suche in Google Scholar

[21] N. Rodriguez Rodriguez, et al.., “Selective removal of zinc from BOF sludge by leaching with mixtures of ammonia and ammonium carbonate,” J. Sustain. Met., vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 680–690, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-020-00305-3.Suche in Google Scholar

[22] T. G. Harvey, “The hydrometallurgical extraction of zinc by ammonium carbonate: A review of the schnabel process,” Min. Proc. Ext. Met. Rev., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 231–279, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1080/08827500600815271.Suche in Google Scholar

[23] K. Binnemans, P. T. Jones, A. M. Fernandez, and V. M. Torres, “Hydrometallurgical processes for the recovery of metals from steel industry by-products: A critical review,” J. Sustain. Met., vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 505–540, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-020-00306-2.Suche in Google Scholar

[24] T. Jiang, et al.., “Leaching behavior of zinc from crude zinc oxide dust in ammonia leaching,” J. Cent. South Univ., vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 2711–2723, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-021-4803-x.Suche in Google Scholar

[25] D. Herrero, P. L. Arias, J. F. Cambra, and N. Antunano, “Hydrometallurgical processes development for zinc oxide production from waelz oxide,” Waste Biomass Valorization, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 329–337, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-010-9033-7.Suche in Google Scholar

[26] J. T. Yeh, K. P. Resnik, K. Rygle, and H. W. Pennline, “Semi-batch absorption and regeneration studies for CO2 capture by aqueous ammonia,” Fuel Process. Technol., vol. 86, no. 12, pp. 1533–1546, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2005.01.015.Suche in Google Scholar

[27] P. L. G. Vlek and J. M. Stumpe, “Effects of solution chemistry and environmental conditions on ammonia volatilization loss from aqueous systems,” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 416–421, 1978. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1978.03615995004200030008x.Suche in Google Scholar

[28] J. Z. Wang, “Determination of ammonium content in zinc electrolyte by formaldehyde method,” Gansu Metall., vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 99–100; 103, 2019.Suche in Google Scholar

[29] A. Ma, et al.., “Extraction of zinc from blast furnace dust in ammonia leaching system,” Green Process. Synth., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 23–30, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2015-0051.Suche in Google Scholar

[30] A. Ma, et al.., “Clean recycling of zinc from blast furnace dust with ammonium acetate as complexing agents,” Sep. Sci. Technol., vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 1327–1341, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2018.1444057.Suche in Google Scholar

[31] N. Demirkıran, “Examination of the use of ammonium acetate as lixiviant in recovery of zinc from waste batteries and kinetic analysis,” Environ. Eng. Manage. J., vol. 14, no. 6, 2015. https://doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2015.007.Suche in Google Scholar

[32] M. S. Alkan, A. Rüşen, and M. A. Topçu, “Recovery of lead and zinc from complex industrial waste of zinc process with ammonium acetate,” JOM, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 1158–1168, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-022-05692-4.Suche in Google Scholar

[33] E. S. Kondratyeva, A. F. Gubin, and V. A. Kolesnikov, “Study of the extraction of zinc(II) ions from ammonia-sulfate solutions,” Theor. Found. Chem. Eng., vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 83–86, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0040579516010103.Suche in Google Scholar

[34] M. Kubal, M. Svab, J. Cermak, and A. Borvsek, “Mobilization of copper and zinc hydroxides through use of ammonia,” Sep. Sci. Technol., vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 3223–3238, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1081/ss-100107769.Suche in Google Scholar

[35] S. Li, et al.., “Impacts of ultrasound on leaching recovery of zinc from low grade zinc oxide ore,” Green Process. Synth., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 323–328, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2015-0036.Suche in Google Scholar

[36] O. Aguilar, F. Tzompantzi, R. Pérez‐Hernández, R. Gómez, and A. Hernández-Gordillo, “Novel preparation of ZnS from Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 by the hydro- or solvothermal method for H2 production,” Catal. Today, vol. 287, no. 5, pp. 91–98, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2016.11.042.Suche in Google Scholar

[37] K. Li, H. Yu, M. Tade, and P. Feron, “Theoretical and experimental study of NH3 suppression by addition of Me(II) ions (Ni, Cu and Zn) in an ammonia-based CO2 capture process,” Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 54–63, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2014.02.019.Suche in Google Scholar

[38] W. Han, et al.., “The fabrication and characterization of Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 as a new anode material for lithium ion batteries,” Mater. Lett., vol. 164, no. 7, pp. 148–151, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2015.10.102.Suche in Google Scholar

[39] J. A. Paramo, Y. M. Strzhemechny, T. Endo, and Z. C. Orel, “Correlation of defect-related optoelectronic properties in Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2/ZnO nanostructures with their Quasi-Fractal dimensionality,” J. Nanomater., vol. 2015, no. 1, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/237985.Suche in Google Scholar

[40] O. Aguilar-Martinez, et al.., “Efficient ZnO1-xSx composites from the Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 precursor for the H2 production by photocatalysis,” Renew. Energ., vol. 113, no. 8, pp. 43–51, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.05.049.Suche in Google Scholar

[41] I. Yanase and S. Konno, “Photoluminescence of Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 nanoparticles synthesized by utilizing CO2 and ZnO water slurry,” J. Lumin., vol. 213, no. 4, pp. 326–333, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2019.05.030.Suche in Google Scholar

[42] M. F. Parveen, S. Umapathy, V. Dhanalakshmi, and R. Anbarasan, “Synthesis and characterization of nano-sized Zn(OH)2 and Zn(OH)2/PVA nano-composite,” Compos. Interfaces, vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 757–774, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1163/092764410x519417.Suche in Google Scholar

[43] C. Tzompantzi-Flores, et al.., “Synthesis and characterization of ZnZr composites for the photocatalytic degradation of phenolic molecules: Addition effect of ZrO2 over hydrozincite Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2,” J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., vol. 94, no. 10, pp. 3428–3439, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5928.Suche in Google Scholar

[44] A. Sinhamahapatra, A. K. Giri, P. Pal, S. K. Pahari, H. C. Bajaj, and A. B. Panda, “A rapid and green synthetic approach for hierarchically assembled porous ZnO nanoflakes with enhanced catalytic activity,” J. Mater. Chem., vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 17227–17235, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2jm32998k.Suche in Google Scholar

[45] R. Wahab, S. G. Ansari, Y. S. Kim, M. A. Dar, and H.-S. Shin, “Synthesis and characterization of hydrozincite and its conversion into zinc oxide nanoparticles,” J. Alloys Compd., vol. 461, no. 3, pp. 66–71, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.029.Suche in Google Scholar

Supplementary Material

This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2024-0140).

Received: 2024-07-13
Accepted: 2025-02-14
Published Online: 2025-03-04

© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Articles
  3. Effect of modified steel slag on properties of rigid polyurethane foam
  4. Numerical simulation of the effects of NH3 and H2 on the combustion characteristics of laminar premixed ethylene/air flames
  5. Performance, characterization, and application of synthesized pervaporation membranes for desalination using response surface methodology
  6. Corrosion analysis of stainless steel exposed to Karanja oil biodiesel: a comparative study with commercial diesel fuel, surface morphology analysis, and long-term immersion effects in alternative fuels
  7. Numerical study of catalytic converter geometries and their impact on exhaust back pressure and energy conversion in engine exhaust systems using parametric simulation: insights into non-equilibrium thermodynamics
  8. Optimization of stirred animal cell bioreactor based on CFD-PBM
  9. Exploring the synergistic mechanisms of alcohol-based biofuel blends for a greener future: a comparative study of propanol, ethanol, and butanol blends in reducing emissions and enhancing engine performance for sustainable transportation fuels
  10. Zinc precipitation from ammonia leaching solutions of electric arc furnace dust by acetic acid
  11. Numerical simulation and performance study of three-dimensional variable angle baffle micromixer
  12. Energy saving strategies for plate reactors in mega methanol plants: a CFD study
https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2024-0140
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
zinc recovery; leaching liquors; electric arc furnace dust; acetic acid

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Articles
  3. Effect of modified steel slag on properties of rigid polyurethane foam
  4. Numerical simulation of the effects of NH3 and H2 on the combustion characteristics of laminar premixed ethylene/air flames
  5. Performance, characterization, and application of synthesized pervaporation membranes for desalination using response surface methodology
  6. Corrosion analysis of stainless steel exposed to Karanja oil biodiesel: a comparative study with commercial diesel fuel, surface morphology analysis, and long-term immersion effects in alternative fuels
  7. Numerical study of catalytic converter geometries and their impact on exhaust back pressure and energy conversion in engine exhaust systems using parametric simulation: insights into non-equilibrium thermodynamics
  8. Optimization of stirred animal cell bioreactor based on CFD-PBM
  9. Exploring the synergistic mechanisms of alcohol-based biofuel blends for a greener future: a comparative study of propanol, ethanol, and butanol blends in reducing emissions and enhancing engine performance for sustainable transportation fuels
  10. Zinc precipitation from ammonia leaching solutions of electric arc furnace dust by acetic acid
  11. Numerical simulation and performance study of three-dimensional variable angle baffle micromixer
  12. Energy saving strategies for plate reactors in mega methanol plants: a CFD study
Jetzt anmelden und 20% sparen
Institutioneller Zugang
Wie funktioniert Authentifizierung?
Haben Sie eine Idee, wie wir unsere Website verbessern können?
Bitte schreiben Sie uns.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Heruntergeladen am 2.10.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/ijcre-2024-0140/html?lang=de
Button zum nach oben scrollen