Home Two-stage adsorber design for malachite green and methylene blue removal using adsorbents derived from banana peel
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Two-stage adsorber design for malachite green and methylene blue removal using adsorbents derived from banana peel

  • Eng Hock Pua , Azrul Nurfaiz Mohd Faizal , Sirajo Lawal and Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: March 17, 2023

Abstract

This work was aimed at evaluating the adsorptive characteristics and two-stage adsorber design of banana peel adsorbents for malachite green and methylene blue removal. The adsorbents were characterized for specific surface, functional groups, and morphology. Activated carbon and hydrochar activated carbon exhibit similar textural and surface properties, but different capacities of malachite green and methylene blue. The latter with surface area of 877 m2/g endows a greater malachite green removal at 582 mg/g, while the former with surface area of 897 m2/g displays a higher methylene blue capacity of 503 mg/g. The Langmuir model was employed in a two-stage adsorber design. The second stage of adsorber is necessary to accomplish the adsorption process with high performance and minimum dosage of activated carbon.


Corresponding author: Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini, Centre of Lipids Engineering & Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu-Sina Institute for Scientific & Industrial Research (ISI-SIR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia, E-mail:

Award Identifier / Grant number: UTM-ICONIC 09G54

Acknowledgements

This work is financially supported by UTM-ICONIC Grant No. 09G54.

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: None declared.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: Authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

Amin, M. T., A. A. Alazba, and M. Shafiq. 2019. “Comparative Study for Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye on Biochar Derived from Orange Peel and Banana Biomass in Aqueous Solutions.” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 191 (12): 735. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7915-0.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Astuti, W., Megawati, M. A. Mahardhika, D. A. Putri, M. Rohman, M. F. Sihab, T. Sulistyaningsih, M. Hidayah, L. Fitriana, and E. F. Irchamsyah. 2019. “Application of Kepok Banana Peel Activated Carbon Prepared by Conventional and Microwave Heating for Malachite Green Adsorption.” Materials Science and Engineering 625 (1): 12025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/625/1/012025.Search in Google Scholar

Cutz, L., P. Haro, D. Santana, and F. Johnsson. 2016. “Assessment of Biomass Energy Sources and Technologies: The Case of Central America.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 58: 1411–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.322.Search in Google Scholar

Fernandes, E. R. K., C. Marangoni, O. Souza, and N. Sellin. 2013. “Thermochemical Characterization of Banana Leaves as a Potential Energy Source.” Energy Conversion and Management 75: 603–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2013.08.008.Search in Google Scholar

Hamzat, B. A., N. S. Nasri, and M. A. A. Zaini. 2018. “Physicochemical Properties of Char Derived from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate.” Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 14 (3): 403–6. https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v14n3.1084.Search in Google Scholar

Hijab, M., J. Saleem, P. Parthasarathy, H. R. Mackey, and G. McKay. 2020. “Two-stage Optimisation for Malachite Green Removal Using Activated Date Pits.” Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 11: 727–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-00813-y.Search in Google Scholar

Hock, P. E., and M. A. A. Zaini. 2022. “Zinc Chloride–Activated Glycerine Pitch Distillate for Methylene Blue Removal—Isotherm, Kinetics and Thermodynamics.” Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 12: 2715–26, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-00828-5.Search in Google Scholar

Kumar, R., and N. Chandrashekar. 2014. “Fuel Properties and Combustion Characteristics of Some Promising Bamboo Species in India.” Journal of Forestry Research 25 (2): 471–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-014-0478-6.Search in Google Scholar

Ma, J., D. Huang, J. Zou, L. Li, Y. Kong, and S. Komarneni. 2015. “Adsorption of Methylene Blue and Orange II Pollutants on Activated Carbon Prepared from Banana Peel.” Journal of Porous Materials 22 (2): 301–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-014-9896-2.Search in Google Scholar

Ming-Twang, S., L. Lin-Zhi, M. A. A. Zaini, Q. Zhi-Yong, and A. Y. Pei-Yee. 2015. “Activated Carbon for Dyes Adsorption in Aqueous Solution.” In Advances in Environmental Research, Vol. 36, edited by J. A. Daniels, 217–34. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.Search in Google Scholar

Pathak, P. D., S. A. Mandavgane, and B. D. Kulkarni. 2016. “Valorization of Banana Peel: A Biorefinery Approach.” Reviews in Chemical Engineering 32 (6): 651–66. https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2015-0063.Search in Google Scholar

Ravindiran, G., P. Saravanan, A. Alagumalai, and S. Subbarayan. 2022. “Soft Computing-Based Models and Decolorization of Reactive Yellow 81 Using Ulva Prolifera Biochar.” Chemosphere 287 (4): 132368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132368.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Shu-Hui, T., and M. A. A. Zaini. 2016. “Dyes – Classification and Effective Removal Techniques.” In Advances in Chemistry Research, Vol. 30, edited by J. C. Taylor, 19–34. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.Search in Google Scholar

Spagnoli, A. A., D. A. Giannakoudakis, and S. Bashkova. 2017. “Adsorption of Methylene Blue on Cashew Nut Shell Based Carbons Activated with Zinc Chloride: The Role of Surface and Structural Parameters.” Journal of Molecular Liquids 229: 465–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2016.12.106.Search in Google Scholar

Sujatha, S., G. Ravindiran, J. R. Hanumanthu, K. Gaddam, P. Saravanam, and S. K. Muniasamy. 2021. “Effective Removal of Remazol Brilliant Orange 3R Using a Biochar Derived from Ulva Reticulata.” Energy Sources: 1943070.Search in Google Scholar

Tang, S. H., and M. A. A. Zaini. 2015. “Potassium Hydroxide Activation of Activated Carbon: A Commentary.” Carbon Letters 16 (4): 275–80. https://doi.org/10.5714/cl.2015.16.4.275.Search in Google Scholar

Tock, J. Y., C. L. Lai, K. T. Lee, K. T. Tan, and S. Bhatia. 2010. “Banana Biomass as Potential Renewable Energy Resource: A Malaysian Case Study.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14: 798–805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.10.010.Search in Google Scholar

Torres-Perez, J., Y. Huang, A. Bazargan, A. Khoshand, and G. McKay. 2020. “Two-stage Optimization of Allura Direct Red Dye Removal by Treated Peanut Hull Waste.” SN Applied Sciences 2: 475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2196-3.Search in Google Scholar

Ukanwa, K. S., K. Patchigolla, R. Sakrabani, E. Anthony, and S. Mandavgane. 2019. “A Review of Chemicals to Produce Activated Carbon from Agricultural Waste Biomass.” Sustainability 11 (22): 6204. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226204.Search in Google Scholar

Van, K. L., and T. L. T. Thu. 2019. “Preparation of Pore-Size Controllable Activated Carbon from Rice Husk Using Dual Activating Agent and its Application in Supercapacitor.” Journal of Chemistry: 4329609.10.1155/2019/4329609Search in Google Scholar

Zubir, M. H. M., and M. A. A. Zaini. 2020. “Dyes Removal by Activated Carbons Synthesized via Various Chemical Activation Strategies: An Overview.” In Advances in Environmental Research, Vol. 70, edited by J. A. Daniels, 175–200. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2022-10-16
Accepted: 2023-03-06
Published Online: 2023-03-17

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 29.10.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/ijcre-2022-0204/html
Scroll to top button