Effect of the Impurity Ions on the Crystallization of Urea Phosphate
-
Li Zhang
,
Danyang Ying
Abstract
In the present work, the influence of Al3+, Fe3+, SO42–, F–, Mg2+ on the crystallization of urea phosphate during the synthesis process of urea phosphate with phosphoric acid and urea was investigated. The crystallization time, the yield of urea phosphate, the purity of urea phosphate, crystal morphology, and the characterization of urea phosphate by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were studied. The experimental results show that the crystallization time of urea phosphate prolonged with the addition of impurities, the yield of urea phosphate all decreased with the increasing concentrations of Al3+, Mg2+, Fe3+ and SO42–, except F–. The impurities have no effect on the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in urea phosphate products. The Al3+, Fe3+, F– cause the irregular crystal morphology, while the crystal with the Mg2+, SO42– has a better dispersion, regular shape and high transparency. This study provides reliable and effective theoretical guidance for the synthesis process of urea phosphate by the wet process phosphoric acid.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to express sincere acknowledgements to the National Key Research Projects (2016YFD0300805) for the financial support in this project.
References
Awwad, N. S., Y. A. El-Nadi, and M. M. Hamed. 2013. “Successive Processes for Purification and Extraction of Phosphoric Acid Produced by Wet Process.” Chemical Engineering & Processing Process Intensification 74 (8): 69–74.10.1016/j.cep.2012.11.009Suche in Google Scholar
Bruckental, I., H. Tagari, S. Amir, H. Kennit, and S. Zamwell. 1986. “The Effect on the Performance of Dairy Cattle of Plant Protein Concentration and of Urea or Urea-Phosphate Supplementation in the Diet.” Animal Science 43 (43): 73–82.10.1017/S0003356100018341Suche in Google Scholar
Chen, G., X. Song, and J. Yu. 2017. “Effects of Impurity Ions on Coupled Reaction-Extraction-Alcohol Precipitation Process of Mg Cl2 and CO2.” CIESC Journal 68 (2): 702–07.Suche in Google Scholar
Dam, B., P. Bennema, and W. J. P. V. Enckevort. 1986. “The Mechanism of Tapering on KDP-type Crystals.” Journal of Crystal Growth 74 (1): 118–28.10.1016/0022-0248(86)90254-XSuche in Google Scholar
Ding, F., A. Rosén, and K. Bolton. 2004. “Molecular Dynamics Study of the Catalyst Particle Size Dependence on Carbon Nanotube Growth.” The Journal of Chemical Physics 121 (6): 2775.10.1063/1.1770424Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Ding, J., Y. Lu, S. Wang, X. Mu, Q. Gu, Z. Wang, Y. Sun, et al. 2010. “Influence of SiO32– Impurity on Growth Habit of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate Crystal.” Crystal Research and Technology 45 (8): 800–04.10.1002/crat.201000298Suche in Google Scholar
Feldmann, T., and G. P. Demopoulos. 2013. “Influence of Impurities on Crystallization Kinetics of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate and Hemihydrate in Strong HCl-CaCl2 Solutions.” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 52 (19): 6540–49.10.1021/ie302933vSuche in Google Scholar
Ferreira, A., N. Faria, and F. Rocha. 2009. “The Effect of Crystal Surface Roughness on Impurity Adsorption.” Crystal Research and Technology 44 (5): 521–33.10.1002/crat.200800412Suche in Google Scholar
Hodge, C. A., and T. W. Motes. 1994. “Production of High-Quality Liquid Fertilizers from Wet-Process Acid via Urea Phosphate.” Fertilizer Research 39 (1): 59–69.10.1007/BF00750157Suche in Google Scholar
Hu, X., D. Ma, and J. Chen. 2011. “Effect of Impurities on the Crystallization of Urea Phosphate.” Fine Chemicals 28 (11): 1107–11.Suche in Google Scholar
Lembrikov, V. M., L. V. Konyakhina, V. V. Volkova, M. V. Lobova, and O. V. Pokidova. 2004. “Interaction of Tri- N -butyl Phosphate, Water, and Phosphoric Acid in Purification of Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid.” Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 77 (10): 1606–08.10.1007/s11167-005-0080-ySuche in Google Scholar
Li, Y., X. Song, Y. Sun, Z. Sun, and J. Yu. 2015. “Polymorph Transformation and Formation Mechanism of Calcium Carbonate during Reactive Extraction-crystallization Process.” Ciesc Journal 166 (10): 4007–15.Suche in Google Scholar
Maeda, K., R. Tabuchi, Y. Asakuma, and K. Fukui. 2006. “Distribution of Metallic Ions in a Single KDP Crystal Grown from Aqueous Solution.” Crystal Research and Technology 41 (10): 955–60.10.1002/crat.200610704Suche in Google Scholar
Mao, X., X. Song, G. Lu, Y. Sun, Y. Xu, and J. Yu. 2014. “Effects of Metal Ions on Crystal Morphology and Size of Calcium Sulfate Whiskers in Aqueous HCl Solutions.” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 53 (45): 17625–35.10.1021/ie5030134Suche in Google Scholar
Oltjen, R. R., L. L. Slyter, A. S. Kozak, and W. E. Williams Jr. 1968. “Evaluation of Urea, Biuret, Urea Phosphate and Uric Acid as NPN Sources for Cattle.” Journal of Nutrition 94 (2): 193.10.1093/jn/94.2.193Suche in Google Scholar
Perez, C. B., R. G. Warner, and J. K. Loosli. 1967. “Evaluation of Urea-Phosphate as a Source of Nitrogen and Phosphorus for Ruminants.” Journal of Animal Science 26 (4): 810.10.2527/jas1967.264810xSuche in Google Scholar
Politi, Y., P. Zaslansky, B. F. Chmelka, J. C. Weaver, I. Sagi, S. Weiner, and L. Addadi. 2010. “Role of Magnesium Ion in the Stabilization of Biogenic Amorphous Calcium Carbonate: A Structure−function Investigation.” Chemistry of Materials 22 (1): 185–88.10.1021/cm902674hSuche in Google Scholar
Rashkovich, L. N., and N. V. Kronsky. 1997. “Influence of Fe3+ and Al3+ Ions on the Kinetics of Steps on the {1 0 0} Faces of KDP.” Journal of Crystal Growth 182 (3): 434–41.10.1016/S0022-0248(97)00360-6Suche in Google Scholar
Tavakoli, M. H., T. A. Abasi, and E. H. Ali. 2013. “Growth of KCl Crystal by Czochralski Method and Influence of Nanodiamond Impurity on Its Hardness and Optical Properties.” Crystal Research and Technology 48 (3): 130–37.10.1002/crat.201200240Suche in Google Scholar
Terry, A., L. Tracie Martin, Sergey Potapenko, G. Tayhas Palmore, D. Yoreo, and J. James. 1999. “Recovery of Surfaces from Impurity Poisoning during Crystal Growth.” Nature 399 (6735): 442–45.10.1038/20886Suche in Google Scholar
Zaitseva, N., L. Carman, I. Smolsky, R. Torres, and M. Yan. 1999. “The Effect of Impurities and Supersaturation on the Rapid Growth of KDP Crystals.” Journal of Crystal Growth 204 (4): 512–24.10.1016/S0022-0248(99)00194-3Suche in Google Scholar
© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Articles
- Numerical Simulation of Flow Characteristics in an Inclining Rotating Kiln with Continuous Feeding
- Minimum Fluidization Velocity of Intermediate Sized Particles in Conventional and Packed Fluidized Bed
- Multicycle Study on Chemical Looping Combustion with a CaSO4-CaO Mixed Oxygen Carrier
- Economic Optimization of Rare Earth Element Leaching Kinetics from Phosphogypsum with Sulfuric Acid
- Heat Transfer Characteristics of Nitrogen in Supercritical Region Using Redlich-Kwong Equation of State
- Chattering Free Sliding Mode Control with Observer Based Adaptive Radial Basis Function Neural Network for Temperature Tracking in a Fixed Bed Reactor
- Role of Support in Hydrocracking of n-hexadecane over Sulfided NiMo Catalysts
- Leaching of Indium from Indium-and Iron-Bearing Sphalerite Concentrate in Sulfuric Acid–Ferric Sulfate Solution
- Electrochemical Behavior of Fe3O4 in NaCl-CaCl2 Melts
- Effect of the Impurity Ions on the Crystallization of Urea Phosphate
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Articles
- Numerical Simulation of Flow Characteristics in an Inclining Rotating Kiln with Continuous Feeding
- Minimum Fluidization Velocity of Intermediate Sized Particles in Conventional and Packed Fluidized Bed
- Multicycle Study on Chemical Looping Combustion with a CaSO4-CaO Mixed Oxygen Carrier
- Economic Optimization of Rare Earth Element Leaching Kinetics from Phosphogypsum with Sulfuric Acid
- Heat Transfer Characteristics of Nitrogen in Supercritical Region Using Redlich-Kwong Equation of State
- Chattering Free Sliding Mode Control with Observer Based Adaptive Radial Basis Function Neural Network for Temperature Tracking in a Fixed Bed Reactor
- Role of Support in Hydrocracking of n-hexadecane over Sulfided NiMo Catalysts
- Leaching of Indium from Indium-and Iron-Bearing Sphalerite Concentrate in Sulfuric Acid–Ferric Sulfate Solution
- Electrochemical Behavior of Fe3O4 in NaCl-CaCl2 Melts
- Effect of the Impurity Ions on the Crystallization of Urea Phosphate
