Simulation of Porosity Regrowth during Heat Treatment after Hot Isostatic Pressing in Titanium Components
-
C. Behrens
,
M. Siewert
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is driven by design freedom, having fewer process constraints than traditional manufacturing processes. It requires careful process control and qualified parameters to create dense metal parts. However, defects in the form of cavities can be detected in as-built specimens by computed tomography. Post-processing techniques such as hot isostatic pressing (HIP) are applied to eliminate porosity, but regrowth of argon gas pores is observed after additional heat treatment.
In this work, a mesoscopic heat treatment simulation of an argon-filled gas pore in titanium components is presented. A combination of HIP and high-temperature heat treatment for β-annealing is simulated. Calculated pore regrowth is qualitatively consistent with experimental observation from the literature. Simulation results support the hypothesis of argon not dissolving in the titanium matrix by assuming a constant amount of argon particles in the pore. Mesoscopic heat treatment simulations may be a part of a simulation-driven optimization of thermal post-processing to improve the quality and performance of AM components.
Kurzfassung
Bei der additiven Fertigung (AM) herrscht Designfreiheit und es gibt weniger Prozessbeschränkungen als bei herkömmlichen Fertigungsverfahren. Sie erfordert eine sorgfältige Prozesssteuerung und qualifizierte Parameter, um dichte Metallteile herzustellen. Defekte in Form von Löchern können jedoch in den gefertigten Proben durch Computertomographie erkannt werden. Nachbearbeitungsverfahren wie das heißisostatische Pressen (HIP) werden angewandt, um die Porosität zu beseitigen, aber nach einer zusätzlichen Wärmebehandlung wird das Nachwachsen von Argongasporen beobachtet.
In dieser Arbeit wird eine mesoskopische Wärmebehandlungssimulation einer argongefüllten Gaspore in Titanbauteilen vorgestellt. Es wird eine Kombination aus HIP und Hochtemperatur-Wärmebehandlung zum β-Glühen simuliert. Das berechnete Porenwachstum stimmt qualitativ mit experimentellen Beobachtungen in der Literatur überein. Die Simulationsergebnisse unterstützen die Hypothese, dass sich Argon nicht in der Titanmatrix auflöst, wenn von einer konstanten Menge an Argonpartikeln in der Pore ausgegangen wird. Mesoskopische Wärmebehandlungssimulationen können Teil einer simulationsgestützten Optimierung der thermischen Nachbehandlung sein, um die Qualität und Leistung von AM-Komponenten zu verbessern.
Acknowledgment
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our partners who conducted the experiments and provided us with valuable data and feedback. Their expertise and dedication were essential for the success of this research. The Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) has conducted the creep experiments and the company Premium Aerotec for manufacturing the specimens.
This research was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Energy (BMWi) within the Federal Aeronautical Research Programme (LuFo V-3) and the project “Integrative simulations of components of the ALM process chain” within the joint project diAMpro (“digitale, automatisierte und selbstadaptierende ALM-Fertigungskette”).
Danksagung
Wir möchten unseren Partnern, die die Experimente durchgeführt und uns mit wertvollen Daten und Rückmeldungen versorgt haben, unseren aufrichtigen Dank aussprechen. Ihr Fachwissen und ihr Engagement waren für den Erfolg dieser Forschung unerlässlich. Die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) hat die Kriechexperimente durchgeführt und die Firma Premium Aerotec hat die Proben hergestellt.
Diese Forschung wurde gefördert durch das Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) im Rahmen des Luftfahrtforschungsprogramms des Bundes (LuFo V-3) und das Projekt „Integrative Simulationen von Komponenten der ALM-Prozesskette“ im Rahmen des Verbundprojekts diAMpro („digitale, automatisierte und selbstadaptierende ALM-Fertigungskette“).
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Articles in the same Issue
- Contents / Inhalt
- Editorial
- Editorial
- Impact and Detection of Hydrogen in Metals
- Combined CFD and Heat Treatment Simulation of High-Pressure Gas Quenching Process
- Simulation of Porosity Regrowth during Heat Treatment after Hot Isostatic Pressing in Titanium Components
- Optimizing the Solution Annealing of Additively Manufactured AlSi10Mg
- Imprint / Impressum
- Imprint / Impressum
- From and for Practice / Praxis-Informationen
- AWT-Info / HTM 05-2023
- HTM Praxis
Articles in the same Issue
- Contents / Inhalt
- Editorial
- Editorial
- Impact and Detection of Hydrogen in Metals
- Combined CFD and Heat Treatment Simulation of High-Pressure Gas Quenching Process
- Simulation of Porosity Regrowth during Heat Treatment after Hot Isostatic Pressing in Titanium Components
- Optimizing the Solution Annealing of Additively Manufactured AlSi10Mg
- Imprint / Impressum
- Imprint / Impressum
- From and for Practice / Praxis-Informationen
- AWT-Info / HTM 05-2023
- HTM Praxis
