Metabolic syndrome – cardiac structure and functional analysis by echocardiography; a cross sectional comparative study

Varatharajan Sakthivadivel; Chennappan Chinnathambi; Divya Selvaraju; Archana Gaur; Ramya Bakthavatchalam; Appandraj Srivijayan; Raja Sundaramurthy; Lakshmi Jyothi Tadi; Nitin Ashok John

doi:10.1515/hmbci-2022-0066

Article

Metabolic syndrome – cardiac structure and functional analysis by echocardiography; a cross sectional comparative study

Varatharajan Sakthivadivel , Chennappan Chinnathambi , Divya Selvaraju , Archana Gaur , Ramya Bakthavatchalam , Appandraj Srivijayan , Raja Sundaramurthy , Lakshmi Jyothi Tadi and Nitin Ashok John

Published/Copyright: March 2, 2023

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From the journal Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation Volume 44 Issue 3

Abstract

Objectives

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a collection of metabolic disorders including hyperglycemia, hypertension and dyslipidemia. The outcome of metabolic syndrome depends on structural changes in heart like increased left atrial size or increased left ventricular mass. This study was done to determine the echocardiography abnormalities in metabolic syndrome.

Methods

After obtaining informed consent, 75 subjects with metabolic syndrome and 75 controls were included in the study. 2D echo/M mode examination was performed for all. Aortic root, left atrial size, left atrial volume, septal wall thickness during systole (SWs) and diastole (SWd), posterior wall thickness during systole (PWs) and diastole (PWd), left ventricle dimension during systole (LVDs) and diastole (LVDd), and ejection fraction were measured. The values were compared between the groups.

Results

After adjustment for age, sex, smoking, alcohol and BMI; left ventricular diameter in systole and diastole was significantly more than controls (p<0.001); HR of 1.29 (95% CI 1.13–1.46), 1.29 (95% CI 1.15–1.45) respectively. Left ventricular mass and left atrial volume were increased significantly in subjects with metabolic syndrome (p<0.001); HR were 1.06 (95% CI 1.03–1.08), 1.13 (95% CI 1.06–1.19) respectively. Ejection fraction was low normal in subjects with metabolic syndrome compared to controls (p<0.05); HR 0.90 (95% CI 0.83–0.98).

Conclusions

Cardiac abnormalities were common in subjects with metabolic syndrome, predominantly affecting the left ventricular mass, diameter and left atrial volume. Early life style modifications are essential to prevent these complications.

Keywords: echocardiography; left atrial volume; left ventricular mass; metabolic syndrome

Corresponding author: Dr. Archana Gaur, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences-Bibinagar, Hyderabad, 508126 Telangana, India, Phone: 91-9962053334 E-mail: drarchana85@gmail.com

Research funding: None declared.
Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.
Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.
Ethical approval: Obtained from Institute ethical committee.

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Received: 2022-07-01

Accepted: 2023-02-08

Published Online: 2023-03-02

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Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2022-0066

Keywords for this article

echocardiography; left atrial volume; left ventricular mass; metabolic syndrome