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Interaction of high-intensity endurance exercise and nandrolone on cardiac remodeling: role of adipo-cardiac axis

  • Manijeh Motevalian , Siyavash Joukar EMAIL logo , Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani , Abdollah Karimi , Yaser Masoumi-Ardakani and Sepideh Safari
Published/Copyright: November 16, 2021
Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation
From the journal Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation Volume 43 Issue 1

Abstract

Objectives

Given the cardiac pathological remodeling following to anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) consumption, we examined the effect of chronic administration of nandrolone decanoate with high-intensity endurance exercise on the left ventricular hypertrophy index, levels of hydroxyproline, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), adiponectin (APN) and its receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) expression in rats’ hearts.

Methods

The male Wistar rats randomly divided to six groups included the control (CTL), exercise (Ex), nandrolone (Nan), vehicle (Arach), trained vehicle (Ex + Arach), and trained nandrolone (Ex + Nan) groups that were treated for eight weeks.

Results

Nandrolone consumption significantly enhanced the hypertrophy index (p<0.05) and exercise intensified this effect. It also increased the level of cardiac hydroxyproline (p<0.001), however exercise completely masked this effect. The values of TNF-α protein and AdipoR1 protein significantly increased in trained nandrolone-treated (Ex + Nan) group in comparison with CTL group (p<0.05), however, did not show significant alteration in Nan or Ex groups. High-intensity endurance exercise significantly enhanced the AdipoR2 protein (p<0.05), but, co-administration of nandrolone with exercise prevented this effect. The mRNA expression of AdipoR1 significantly reduced in the animals that received nandrolone for eight weeks and exercise recovered this effect (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Despite an additive effect of high-intensity endurance exercise plus nandrolone on TNF-α level, their effects on hydroxyproline and APN receptors expression is incompatible in heart of rat. It is suggests a part of beneficial regulatory role of endurance exercise against nandrolone induced heart remodeling may apply through modulation of APN system.

Keywords: adipo-receptors; adiponectin (APN); nandrolone decanoate; severe endurance exercise; TNF-α
Corresponding author: Siyavash Joukar, PhD, Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 7616914115, Kerman, Iran; Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, Phone: +98 3433257671, E-mail: ,

Funding source: Kerman University of Medical Sciences

Award Identifier / Grant number: K/93/272

  1. Research funding: This research was performed with administrative support from Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran and the Grant Number was K/93/272. No other funding was received for this work.

  2. Author contributions: We attest that all authors contributed significantly to the creation of this manuscript, each having fulfilled criteria based on standards. We confirm that the manuscript has been read and approved by all named authors. We confirm that the order of authors listed in the manuscript has been approved by all named authors. We agree with all of the above. On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author takes responsibility for the submitted work and signed this Ethical and Legal Declarations form.

  3. Competing interests: No conflict of interest exists.

  4. Ethical approval: We confirm that any aspect of the work covered in this manuscript that has involved animals has been conducted with the ethical approval and that such approvals are acknowledged within the manuscript.

  5. Intellectual property: We confirm that we have followed the regulations of our institutions concerning intellectual property.

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Received: 2021-05-14
Accepted: 2021-11-02
Published Online: 2021-11-16

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Letter to the Editor
  3. Is COVID-19 gender biased?
  4. Opinion Paper
  5. The probable mechanism of reduced androgen level in COVID-19 patients
  6. Original Articles
  7. Effect of Auraptene on angiogenesis in Xenograft model of breast cancer
  8. Zingiber officinale (Ginger) hydroalcoholic extract improved avoidance memory in rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes by regulating brain oxidative stress
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  10. Is there any role of interleukin-6 and high sensitive C-reactive protein in predicting IVF/ICSI success? A prospective cohort study
  11. Does serum TSH level act as a surrogate marker for psychological stress and cardio-metabolic risk among adolescent and young people?
  12. The effects of thyroid dysfunction on DNA damage and apoptosis in liver and heart tissues of rats
  13. The serum levels of testosterone in coronary artery disease patients; relation to NO, eNOS, endothelin-1, and disease severity
  14. Interaction of high-intensity endurance exercise and nandrolone on cardiac remodeling: role of adipo-cardiac axis
  15. Psoralidin exerts anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic, and immunostimulatory activities in 4T1 tumor‐bearing balb/c mice
  16. Short Communication
  17. COVID-19 pandemic and potential of artificial intelligence
  18. Case Report
  19. A positive urine pregnancy test with haemoperitoneum: misdiagnosed postpartum choriocarcinoma with uterine rupture mimicking ruptured ectopic pregnancy
  20. Review Articles
  21. COVID 19 vaccine in patients of hypercoagulable disorders: a clinical perspective
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https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2021-0042
Keywords for this article
adipo-receptors; adiponectin (APN); nandrolone decanoate; severe endurance exercise; TNF-α

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Letter to the Editor
  3. Is COVID-19 gender biased?
  4. Opinion Paper
  5. The probable mechanism of reduced androgen level in COVID-19 patients
  6. Original Articles
  7. Effect of Auraptene on angiogenesis in Xenograft model of breast cancer
  8. Zingiber officinale (Ginger) hydroalcoholic extract improved avoidance memory in rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes by regulating brain oxidative stress
  9. Role of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and troponin T in predicting right ventricular recovery in myocardial infarction
  10. Is there any role of interleukin-6 and high sensitive C-reactive protein in predicting IVF/ICSI success? A prospective cohort study
  11. Does serum TSH level act as a surrogate marker for psychological stress and cardio-metabolic risk among adolescent and young people?
  12. The effects of thyroid dysfunction on DNA damage and apoptosis in liver and heart tissues of rats
  13. The serum levels of testosterone in coronary artery disease patients; relation to NO, eNOS, endothelin-1, and disease severity
  14. Interaction of high-intensity endurance exercise and nandrolone on cardiac remodeling: role of adipo-cardiac axis
  15. Psoralidin exerts anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic, and immunostimulatory activities in 4T1 tumor‐bearing balb/c mice
  16. Short Communication
  17. COVID-19 pandemic and potential of artificial intelligence
  18. Case Report
  19. A positive urine pregnancy test with haemoperitoneum: misdiagnosed postpartum choriocarcinoma with uterine rupture mimicking ruptured ectopic pregnancy
  20. Review Articles
  21. COVID 19 vaccine in patients of hypercoagulable disorders: a clinical perspective
  22. Synopsis of symptoms of COVID-19 during second wave of the pandemic in India
  23. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, a glimpse – impacts in molecular biology, trends and highlights
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