Abstract
The present work is aiming at the elucidation of the tensile behaviour and fracture performance of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazei ex H. de Lebaie) by means of digital speckle correlation method (DSCM) and microscopic techniques. Results indicated that fibres play a major role in longitudinal tension and impeding crack radial propagation. Hybrid I-II failure mode was observed, i.e., crack opening (in tensile stress) and shear sliding (in shear stress). According to microscopic fracture characteristics, fibres extraction and stretching, filament formation in parenchyma with fibres bridging, interface debonding and the helix fracture of fibres happened in tension, which created more interfaces and dissipated more energy. The graded composite structure of bamboo provides intrinsic and extrinsic toughening mechanisms which contribute to improved toughness and physical properties.
Acknowledgments
We acknowledge the support from 12th Five Years Key Technology R&D Program of China (2012BAD54G01) and (2012BAD23B01).
References
Amada, S., Untao, S. (2001) Fracture properties of bamboo. Composites Part B 32:451–459.10.1016/S1359-8368(01)00022-1Search in Google Scholar
Bechtle, S., Ang, S.F., Schneider, G.A. (2010) On the mechanical properties of hierarchically structured biological materials. Biomaterials 31:6378–6385.10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.05.044Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Bhushan B. (2009) Biomimetics: lessons from nature-an overview. Philosophical transactions of the royal society A 367:1445–1486.10.1098/rsta.2009.0011Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Fratzl, P., Weinkamer, R. (2007) Nature’s hierarchical materials. Prog. Mat. Sci. 52:1263–1334.Search in Google Scholar
Fratzl, P. (2012) A composite matter of alignment. Science 335: 177–178.10.1126/science.1215841Search in Google Scholar PubMed
GB standard (2007) T 15780. Testing methods for physical and mechanical properties of bamboos.Search in Google Scholar
George M. (2005) Rigid biological systems as models for synthetic composites. Science 310:1144–1147.10.1126/science.1116994Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Ghavami, K., Rodrigues, C.S., Paciornik, S. (2003) Bamboo: functionally graded composite material. Asian J. Civil Eng. (Building and Housing) 4:1–10.Search in Google Scholar
Grosser, D., Liese, W. (1971) On the anatomy of Asian bamboos, with special reference to their vascular bundles. Wood Sci. Technol. 5:290–312.Search in Google Scholar
Jiang, Z.H. Bamboo and rattan in the world. Liaoning Science and Technology Press, China, 2002.Search in Google Scholar
Jiang, Z.H., Wang, Z., Chang, L. (2006) Manufacture technology of the bamboo building wall. J. Beijing Forestry University 28:155–158.Search in Google Scholar
Launey, M.E., Buecheler, M.J., Ritchie, R.O. (2010a) On the mechanistic origins of toughness in bone. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 40:25–53.10.1146/annurev-matsci-070909-104427Search in Google Scholar
Launey, M.E., Chen, P.Y., Mckittrick, J., Ritchie, R.O. (2010b) Mechanistic aspects of the fracture toughness of elk antler bone. Acta Biomater. 6:1505–1514.10.1016/j.actbio.2009.11.026Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Liese, W. (1980) Anatomy of Bamboo. Bamboo research in Asia. Proceedings of a workshop held in Singapore 161–164.Search in Google Scholar
Liese, W. (1987) Research on bamboo. Wood Sci. Technol. 21:189–209.Search in Google Scholar
Liese, W. The structure of bamboo in relation to its properties and utilization. International Symposium on Industrial Use of Bamboo, Beijing, China, 1992.Search in Google Scholar
Liese, W. The anatomy of bamboo culms. Technical report, International Network for bamboo and rattan, Beijing, 1998.10.1163/9789004502468Search in Google Scholar
Lo, T.Y., Cui, H.Z., Leung, H.C. (2004) The effect of fiber density on strength capacity of bamboo. Materials letters 58:2595–2598.10.1016/j.matlet.2004.03.029Search in Google Scholar
Meyers, M.A., Chen, P.Y., Lin, A.Y.M., Sek, Y. (2008) Biological materials: structure and mechanical properties. Prog. Mater. Sci. 53:1–206.Search in Google Scholar
Munch, E., Launey, M.E., Alsem, D.H. (2008) Tough, bio-inspired hybrid materials. Science 32:1516–1520.10.1126/science.1164865Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Okumura, K., Gennes, P.G. (2001) Why is nacre strong? Elastic theory and fracture mechanics for biocomposites with stratified structures. Eur. Phys. J. E4:121–127.10.1007/s101890170150Search in Google Scholar
Peng, G., Jiang, Z., Liu, X., Fei, B., Yang, S., Qin, D., Ren, H., Yu, Y. Xie, H. (2014) Detection of complex vascular system in bamboo node by X-ray μCT imaging technique. Holzforschung 68:223–227.10.1515/hf-2013-0080Search in Google Scholar
Phani, K.V., Simunovic, S. (2005) A continous damage random thresholds model for simulating the fracture behavior of nacre. Biomaterials 26:6087–6098.10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.03.013Search in Google Scholar
Ray, A.K., Mondal, S., Das, S.K., Ramachandrarao, P. (2005) Bamboo-a functionally graded composite-correlation between microstructure and mechanical strength. J. Mater. Sci. 40:5249–5253.Search in Google Scholar
Ritchie, R.O. (1988) Mechanisms of fatigue crack-propagation in metals, ceramics and composites: role of crack tip shielding. Mater. Sci. Eng., A103:15–28.10.1016/0025-5416(88)90547-2Search in Google Scholar
Shao, Z., Fang, C.C., Huang, S.S., Tian, G.G. (2010) Tensile properties of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and its components with respect to its fiber-reinforced composite structure. Wood Sci. Technol. 44:655–666.Search in Google Scholar
Shen, F., Chen, R.C., Xiao, T.Q. (2011) GPU-based parallel computing for fast image resconstruction in micro CT. Nucl. Technol. 34:401–405.Search in Google Scholar
Tan, T., Rahbar, N., Allameh, S.M., Kwofie, S., Dissmore, D., Ghavami, K., Soboyejo W.O. (2011) Mechanical properties of functionally graded hierarchical bamboo. Acta Biomater. 7:3796–3803.10.1016/j.actbio.2011.06.008Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Tsubaki, T., Nakano, T. (2011) Creep behavior of bamboo under various desorption conditions. Holzforschung 64:489–493.Search in Google Scholar
Wang, Z.H. Study on variation pattern of bamboo properties and its correlation to industrial utilization. Ph.D dissertation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China, 2001.Search in Google Scholar
Wang, G. Moso bamboo/Chinese fir laminated composite and its properties. Ph.D dissertation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China, 2003.Search in Google Scholar
Wang, R.Z., Suo, Z., Evans, A.G., Yao, N., Aksay, I.A. (2001) Deformation mechanisms in nacre. J. Mater. Res. 16: 2485–2493.Search in Google Scholar
Wang, H., An, X., Li, W., Wang, H. (2013) Variation of mechanical properties of single bamboo fibers (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro) with respect to age and location in culms. Holzforschung 68:291–297.10.1515/hf-2013-0081Search in Google Scholar
Wegst, U.G.K., Ashby, M.F. (2004) The mechanical efficiency of natural materials. Philos. Mag. 84:2167–2181.Search in Google Scholar
Weinkamer, R., Fratzl, P. (2011) Mechanical adaptation of biological materials – The examples of bone and wood. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 31:1164–1173.Search in Google Scholar
Yu, Y., Tian G., Wang, H., Fei, B., Wang, G. (2011) Mechanical characterization of single bamboo fibers with nanoindentation and microtensile technique. Holzforschung 65:113–119.10.1515/hf.2011.009Search in Google Scholar
©2015 by De Gruyter
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Influence of spruce xylan characteristics on tensile strength of spruce kraft pulp
- Evidence for a very slow disaggregation of lignosulfonates
- Slow relaxation mode of sodium lignosulfonate in saline solutions
- Influence of carboxylic group content on the solution behavior of carboxymethylated lignin (CML) in water
- Chemithermomechanical and kraft pulping of Pinus radiata wood chips after the hydrothermal extraction of hemicelluloses
- In-plane shear strength of paper measured by asymmetric four-point bending test
- Strain distribution and load transfer in the polymer-wood particle bond in wood plastic composites
- Structural changes in spruce wood during different steps of steam explosion pretreatment
- A critical review of the multilayer sorption models and comparison with the sorption site occupancy (SSO) model for wood moisture sorption isotherm analysis
- Hygric properties of Norway spruce and sycamore after incubation with two white rot fungi
- On-line monitoring of hygroscopicity and dimensional changes of wood during thermal modification by means of neutron imaging methods
- Influence of blue stain on density and dimensional stability of Pinus radiata timber from northern Galicia (Spain)
- Bacterial and abiotic decay in waterlogged archaeological Picea abies (L.) Karst studied by confocal Raman imaging and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy
- Effects of vitamin E combined with antioxidants on wood flour/polypropylene composites during accelerated weathering
- Short Note
- Tensile behaviour and fracture mechanism of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens)
- Lignin masks the presence of fibrillar network structure in the cell corner middle lamella (CCML)
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Influence of spruce xylan characteristics on tensile strength of spruce kraft pulp
- Evidence for a very slow disaggregation of lignosulfonates
- Slow relaxation mode of sodium lignosulfonate in saline solutions
- Influence of carboxylic group content on the solution behavior of carboxymethylated lignin (CML) in water
- Chemithermomechanical and kraft pulping of Pinus radiata wood chips after the hydrothermal extraction of hemicelluloses
- In-plane shear strength of paper measured by asymmetric four-point bending test
- Strain distribution and load transfer in the polymer-wood particle bond in wood plastic composites
- Structural changes in spruce wood during different steps of steam explosion pretreatment
- A critical review of the multilayer sorption models and comparison with the sorption site occupancy (SSO) model for wood moisture sorption isotherm analysis
- Hygric properties of Norway spruce and sycamore after incubation with two white rot fungi
- On-line monitoring of hygroscopicity and dimensional changes of wood during thermal modification by means of neutron imaging methods
- Influence of blue stain on density and dimensional stability of Pinus radiata timber from northern Galicia (Spain)
- Bacterial and abiotic decay in waterlogged archaeological Picea abies (L.) Karst studied by confocal Raman imaging and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy
- Effects of vitamin E combined with antioxidants on wood flour/polypropylene composites during accelerated weathering
- Short Note
- Tensile behaviour and fracture mechanism of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens)
- Lignin masks the presence of fibrillar network structure in the cell corner middle lamella (CCML)