Bacterial and abiotic decay in waterlogged archaeological Picea abies (L.) Karst studied by confocal Raman imaging and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy
Abstract
Waterlogged archaeological Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst] poles were studied by means of confocal Raman imaging (CRI) and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis to determine lignin and polysaccharide composition and distribution in the cell wall. The waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW) was submerged under anoxic conditions for approximately 400 years and solely decayed by erosion bacteria (EB). CRI showed that decayed tracheids contain a residual material (RM) with heterogeneous lignin distribution; within the same tracheid RM often contained regions with intensities lower than sound S2 layers up to intensity values as high as the compound middle lamella (CML). CRI revealed strong depletion of carbohydrates in RM which indicated that EB are able to utilise the carbohydrate fraction of the cell wall effectively. Raman bands assigned to lignin did not show any difference between RM and sound S2. This is a hint that EB do not modify the lignin structure. Sound WAW free from EB decay showed evidence of loss of acetyl groups in glucomannan, loss of un-conjugated ester linkages in the lignin-carbohydrate complexes between xylan and lignin, and minor oxidation of the lignin polymer compared to recent reference material. This is evidence for abiotic decay in the course of waterlogging.
Acknowledgments
Nanna Bjerregaard Pedersen would like to thank COST Action FP0802 for supporting the work as a Short Term Scientific Mission. We thank Institute of Polymer Science, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria for hosting the experiments and Museum of Copenhagen for donation of the test material.
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©2015 by De Gruyter
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Influence of spruce xylan characteristics on tensile strength of spruce kraft pulp
- Evidence for a very slow disaggregation of lignosulfonates
- Slow relaxation mode of sodium lignosulfonate in saline solutions
- Influence of carboxylic group content on the solution behavior of carboxymethylated lignin (CML) in water
- Chemithermomechanical and kraft pulping of Pinus radiata wood chips after the hydrothermal extraction of hemicelluloses
- In-plane shear strength of paper measured by asymmetric four-point bending test
- Strain distribution and load transfer in the polymer-wood particle bond in wood plastic composites
- Structural changes in spruce wood during different steps of steam explosion pretreatment
- A critical review of the multilayer sorption models and comparison with the sorption site occupancy (SSO) model for wood moisture sorption isotherm analysis
- Hygric properties of Norway spruce and sycamore after incubation with two white rot fungi
- On-line monitoring of hygroscopicity and dimensional changes of wood during thermal modification by means of neutron imaging methods
- Influence of blue stain on density and dimensional stability of Pinus radiata timber from northern Galicia (Spain)
- Bacterial and abiotic decay in waterlogged archaeological Picea abies (L.) Karst studied by confocal Raman imaging and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy
- Effects of vitamin E combined with antioxidants on wood flour/polypropylene composites during accelerated weathering
- Short Note
- Tensile behaviour and fracture mechanism of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens)
- Lignin masks the presence of fibrillar network structure in the cell corner middle lamella (CCML)
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Influence of spruce xylan characteristics on tensile strength of spruce kraft pulp
- Evidence for a very slow disaggregation of lignosulfonates
- Slow relaxation mode of sodium lignosulfonate in saline solutions
- Influence of carboxylic group content on the solution behavior of carboxymethylated lignin (CML) in water
- Chemithermomechanical and kraft pulping of Pinus radiata wood chips after the hydrothermal extraction of hemicelluloses
- In-plane shear strength of paper measured by asymmetric four-point bending test
- Strain distribution and load transfer in the polymer-wood particle bond in wood plastic composites
- Structural changes in spruce wood during different steps of steam explosion pretreatment
- A critical review of the multilayer sorption models and comparison with the sorption site occupancy (SSO) model for wood moisture sorption isotherm analysis
- Hygric properties of Norway spruce and sycamore after incubation with two white rot fungi
- On-line monitoring of hygroscopicity and dimensional changes of wood during thermal modification by means of neutron imaging methods
- Influence of blue stain on density and dimensional stability of Pinus radiata timber from northern Galicia (Spain)
- Bacterial and abiotic decay in waterlogged archaeological Picea abies (L.) Karst studied by confocal Raman imaging and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy
- Effects of vitamin E combined with antioxidants on wood flour/polypropylene composites during accelerated weathering
- Short Note
- Tensile behaviour and fracture mechanism of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens)
- Lignin masks the presence of fibrillar network structure in the cell corner middle lamella (CCML)