Effect of mild torrefaction on pulverization of Norway spruce (Picea abies) by oscillatory ball milling: particle morphology and cellulose crystallinity
Abstract
The effects of mild torrefaction on the pulverization of Norway spruce sawdust have been studied. To this end, sawdust was dried and torrefied below 230°C for different periods of time to obtain samples with mass losses (ML) of 0.2%, 1.4%, and 2.8%, milled in an oscillatory ball mill, and the particle morphology and cellulose crystallinity of the powders were studied. The pretreatment leading to 0.2% ML had no effect on grindability, but that resulting in 1.4% ML improved grindability and a median particle size below 17.4±0.2 μm was attained. Torrefaction involving 2.8% ML reduced the specific energy consumption more than 21% when the targeted median particle size of the torrefied wood was between 18.7±0.5 and 79±3 μm. The mild torrefaction had a negligible influence on the aspect ratio distribution and cellulose crystallinity in the ball-milled wood.
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Graduate School in Chemical Engineering (GSCE) and UPM and also by the Emil Aaltonen, Kaute, Riitta and Jorma J. Takanen, and Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundations. We would also like to thank J. Karvonen and Olli Taikina-aho for their help with the laboratory analyses and M. Hicks for the language services.
References
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Original articles
- Enhancement of paper dry strength by carboxymethylated β-d-glucan from oat as additive
- Effect of fiber modification with 3-isopropenyl-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate (TMI) on the mechanical properties and water absorption of hemp-unsaturated polyester (UPE) composites
- Pulping-tailored fiber properties from a novel Brazilian Eucalyptus hybrid
- Mechanical performance of cellulose nanofibril film-wood flake laminate
- Variation of mechanical properties of single bamboo fibers (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro) with respect to age and location in culms
- Determination of the mechanical properties of radiata pine timber by means of longitudinal and transverse vibration methods
- A theoretical and experimental study of the circular sawing process
- Mathematical modeling of drying of Masson pine lumber and its asymmetrical moisture content profile
- Combined treatment of green pitch pine wood by heat and superheated steam and the effects on physical properties of the products
- Effect of mild torrefaction on pulverization of Norway spruce (Picea abies) by oscillatory ball milling: particle morphology and cellulose crystallinity
- Improved weathering performance and wettability of wood protected by CeO2 coating deposited onto the surface
- Impregnation of laser incised wood of Douglas fir and Japanese cedar by dipping (passive impregnation) in solutions of copper azole (CuAz-B) and a fire retardant (PPC)
- Short Notes
- Effect of initial moisture content on the anti-swelling efficiency of thermally modified Scots pine sapwood treated in a high-pressure reactor under saturated steam
- Comparison of antitermite properties of 2-thioxocoumarins against Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki
- Meetings
- Meetings
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Original articles
- Enhancement of paper dry strength by carboxymethylated β-d-glucan from oat as additive
- Effect of fiber modification with 3-isopropenyl-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate (TMI) on the mechanical properties and water absorption of hemp-unsaturated polyester (UPE) composites
- Pulping-tailored fiber properties from a novel Brazilian Eucalyptus hybrid
- Mechanical performance of cellulose nanofibril film-wood flake laminate
- Variation of mechanical properties of single bamboo fibers (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro) with respect to age and location in culms
- Determination of the mechanical properties of radiata pine timber by means of longitudinal and transverse vibration methods
- A theoretical and experimental study of the circular sawing process
- Mathematical modeling of drying of Masson pine lumber and its asymmetrical moisture content profile
- Combined treatment of green pitch pine wood by heat and superheated steam and the effects on physical properties of the products
- Effect of mild torrefaction on pulverization of Norway spruce (Picea abies) by oscillatory ball milling: particle morphology and cellulose crystallinity
- Improved weathering performance and wettability of wood protected by CeO2 coating deposited onto the surface
- Impregnation of laser incised wood of Douglas fir and Japanese cedar by dipping (passive impregnation) in solutions of copper azole (CuAz-B) and a fire retardant (PPC)
- Short Notes
- Effect of initial moisture content on the anti-swelling efficiency of thermally modified Scots pine sapwood treated in a high-pressure reactor under saturated steam
- Comparison of antitermite properties of 2-thioxocoumarins against Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki
- Meetings
- Meetings