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Nationalism in the ‘Nation of Immigrants’: Race, Ethnicity, and National Attachment

  • Joe R. Tafoya , Álvaro J. Corral und David L. Leal EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 22. Juni 2022
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Aus der Zeitschrift The Forum Band 20 Heft 1

Abstract

This paper compares nationalist attitudes among Whites, Latinos, and African Americans. The research on nationalism and national attachment draws varied conclusions about how race and ethnicity structure such attitudes; some find that Whites have the strongest views, while others see more similarities than differences. Using the General Social Survey of 2014, we examine three separate dimensions of nationalism: American nationalism, American national identity, and American national pride. We test for differences across race and ethnicity as well as how such attitudes structure opinions about immigrants. Despite some expectations in the literature that views might vary by group, we generally find (albeit with some complexities) “minimal effects” of race and ethnicity. Latinos, Blacks, and Whites agree with the three nationalism measures at similar levels, despite the very different national histories of each group. This is consistent with work finding “a great deal of consensus on the norms, values, and behaviors that constitute American identity” (Schildkraut 2007. “Defining American Identity in the Twenty-First Century: How Much “There” Is There?”.” The Journal of Politics v69 (3): 597–615, 605). In addition, while nationalism is associated with immigration opinions, such effects are predominantly among Whites and African Americans and relatively weak for Latinos.

Keywords: nationalism; race and ethnicity; public opinion; identity; immigration attitudes
Corresponding author: David L. Leal, Department of Government, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA, E-mail:
Appendix

Table 7:

Predictors of national attachments moderated by race/ethnicity, linear regression estimates.

Nationalism National Identity National Pride
Black −0.249 (0.375) −0.043 (0.365) 0.048 (0.223)
Latino 0.149 (0.336) 0.328 (0.354) 0.254 (0.205)
Age 0.009d (0.002) 0.010d (0.002) 0.006d (0.001)
Black # age 0.005 (0.004) 0.003 (0.004) −0.000 (0.002)
Latino # age −0.004 (0.004) −0.006a (0.004) −0.005 (0.003)
Family income −0.000 (0.006) −0.020c (0.007) 0.001 (0.005)
Black # family income −0.019 (0.019) −0.004 (0.028) −0.031b (0.013)
Latino # family income −0.001 (0.029) −0.046a (0.025) −0.008 (0.015)
Education −0.110d (0.021) −0.157d (0.022) −0.000 (0.013)
Black # education 0.082 (0.055) 0.067 (0.082) 0.045 (0.042)
Latino # education 0.085 (0.056) 0.172 b (0.065) 0.077 b (0.036)
Female −0.064 (0.052) 0.083a (0.047) −0.070b (0.034)
Black # female −0.051 (0.135) −0.110 (0.136) −0.055 (0.097)
Latino # female −0.112 (0.121) −0.018 (0.111) −0.044 (0.090)
Partisan ID 0.025 (0.018) 0.006 (0.018) 0.012 (0.012)
Black # Partisan ID −0.019 (0.045) 0.005 (0.051) 0.031 (0.029)
Latino # Partisan ID −0.028 (0.049) −0.029 (0.047) −0.026 (0.026)
Ideology 0.078c (0.026) 0.109d (0.024) 0.042b (0.019)
Black # ideology 0.003 (0.056) −0.041 (0.050) −0.027 (0.034)
Latino # ideology −0.030 (0.064) −0.044 (0.054) −0.016 (0.036)
Catholic 0.099 (0.066) 0.002 (0.075) 0.105c (0.039)
Black # Catholic −0.065 (0.154) 0.097 (0.143) 0.049 (0.144)
Latino # Catholic 0.012 (0.139) 0.250 (0.164) −0.080 (0.099)
Service attendance 0.022b (0.010) −0.002 (0.010) 0.003 (0.007)
    Black # service attendance −0.013 (0.023) 0.040 (0.028) 0.014 (0.017)
Latino # service attendance 0.004 (0.024) 0.017 (0.024) −0.000 (0.018)
Constant 3.106d (0.151) 2.503d (0.142) 2.594d (0.105)
F-statistics 7.58d 13.71d 4.95d
Observations 1219 1219 1219

  1. 2014 General Social Survey. OLS coefficients presented, standard errors in parentheses. a p < 0.10, b p < 0.05, c p < 0.01, d p < 0.001.

Table 8:

Measures of immigrant attitudes, overall and by race/ethnicity.

Question Text Sample White Black Latino

  1. Immigrants take jobs away from people who were born in America: (1) Agree Str. – (3) Neither – (5) Disagree Str.

3.07 2.95 2.76 3.63

  1. Immigrants are generally good for America’s economy: (1) Disagree Str. – (3) Neither – (5) Agree Str.

3.42 3.29 3.26 3.88

  1. Immigrants make America more open to new ideas and cultures: (1) Disagree Str. – (3) Neither – (5) Agree Str.

3.63 3.55 3.45 3.92

  1. Immigrants increase crime: (1) Agree Str. – (3) Neither – (5) Disagree Str.

3.40 3.31 3.50 3.61

  1. Immigrants undermine American culture: (1) Agree Str. – (3) Neither – (5) Disagree Str.

3.44 3.44 3.20 3.56
Index mean 3.39 3.30 3.23 3.72
Cronbach’s α 0.77 0.80 0.69 0.66
Observations 1274 827 182 217

  1. Table entries are weighted sample means of observations from the 2014 General Social Survey. Missing data filled with multiple imputation procedure Amelia II. Subgroup entries are derived by Taylor Series estimation using STATA’s “svy” procedure for survey data.

Table 9:

Predictors of supportive immigration attitudes, linear regression estimates.

Aggregate White Black Latino
Black 0.021(0.072) – – –
Latino 0.489d(0.061) – – –
Nationalism −0.137d(0.034) −0.150c(0.044) −0.187b(0.085) −0.033(0.068)
National identity −0.242d(0.027) −0.301d (0.038) −0.169b(0.072) −0.164b(0.065)
National pride 0.276d (0.054) 0.327d (0.065) 0.541d (0.123) 0.024(0.099)
Age 0.001(0.001) 0.001(0.002) 0.002(0.003) 0.003(0.003)
Family income 0.002(0.007) 0.006(0.009) 0.017(0.019) −0.020(0.012)
Education 0.093d (0.023) 0.100d (0.025) 0.065(0.053) 0.064(0.049)
Female −0.017(0.042) −0.019(0.051) 0.047(0.098) −0.093(0.097)
Partisan ID −0.018(0.013) −0.024(0.017) 0.041(0.034) 0.013(0.036)
Ideology −0.039a(0.023) −0.036(0.032) −0.045(0.040) −0.015(0.048)
Catholic 0.09a(0.057) 0.029(0.053) −0.316b(0.151) 0.268c(0.097)
Service attendance 0.004(0.009) −0.011(0.011) 0.033(0.021) 0.033a(0.018)
Constant 3.531d(0.163) 3.634d(0.195) 2.371d(0.448) 3.923d(0.302)
F-statistics 35.12d 30.28d 8.20d 2.11b
Observations 1219 813 162 244

  1. 2014 General Social Survey. OLS coefficients presented, standard errors in parentheses. a p < 0.10, b p < 0.05, c p < 0.01, d p < 0.001.

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Published Online: 2022-06-22

© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Introduction
  3. Introduction: Volume 20 Issue 1: Public Opinion in America
  4. Articles
  5. Explanations for Inequality and Partisan Polarization in the U.S., 1980–2020
  6. Collective Narcissism and Perceptions of the (Il)legitimacy of the 2020 US Election
  7. Two Sides of the Same Coin? Race, Racial Resentment, and Public Opinion Toward Financial Compensation of College Athletes
  8. Public Perceptions of the Supreme Court: How Policy Disagreement Affects Legitimacy
  9. Do Elite Appeals to Negative Partisanship Stimulate Citizen Engagement?
  10. Who Are Leaners? How True Independents Differ from the Weakest Partisans and Why It Matters
  11. Nationalism in the ‘Nation of Immigrants’: Race, Ethnicity, and National Attachment
  12. The Social Foundations of Public Support for Political Compromise
  13. Books Reviews
  14. Meghan Condon, and Amber Wichowsky: The Economic Other: Inequality in the American Political Imagination
  15. Daniel W. Drezner: The Toddler-in-Chief: What Donald J. Trump Teaches Us About the Modern Presidency
https://doi.org/10.1515/for-2022-2047
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
nationalism; race and ethnicity; public opinion; identity; immigration attitudes

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Introduction
  3. Introduction: Volume 20 Issue 1: Public Opinion in America
  4. Articles
  5. Explanations for Inequality and Partisan Polarization in the U.S., 1980–2020
  6. Collective Narcissism and Perceptions of the (Il)legitimacy of the 2020 US Election
  7. Two Sides of the Same Coin? Race, Racial Resentment, and Public Opinion Toward Financial Compensation of College Athletes
  8. Public Perceptions of the Supreme Court: How Policy Disagreement Affects Legitimacy
  9. Do Elite Appeals to Negative Partisanship Stimulate Citizen Engagement?
  10. Who Are Leaners? How True Independents Differ from the Weakest Partisans and Why It Matters
  11. Nationalism in the ‘Nation of Immigrants’: Race, Ethnicity, and National Attachment
  12. The Social Foundations of Public Support for Political Compromise
  13. Books Reviews
  14. Meghan Condon, and Amber Wichowsky: The Economic Other: Inequality in the American Political Imagination
  15. Daniel W. Drezner: The Toddler-in-Chief: What Donald J. Trump Teaches Us About the Modern Presidency
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