Startseite Linguistik & Semiotik The grammaticalization of the existential sign var in Turkish Sign Language: a Construction Grammar approach
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The grammaticalization of the existential sign var in Turkish Sign Language: a Construction Grammar approach

  • Bahtiyar Makaroğlu ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 8. April 2024

Abstract

This paper describes the development of the existential sign var ‘there’ in Turkish Sign Language from a synchronic point of view. The sign has been previously described as being restricted to clause-final predicate position and typically used for two main linguistic functions: (i) existential and (ii) possessive. However, abundant corpus evidence indicates that var can also be used for other linguistic functions in post-verbal position, which have not been reported in the literature before. Following Construction Grammar, this study presents a theoretical framework to investigate how the construction [verb + var] arose and what its semantic motivation is, paying particular attention to the notion of possession. It is argued that this construction has three different functions: (i) habitual, (ii) evidential, and (iii) assumptive. According to this account, var originated as an existential marker and subsequently developed into a marker of possession, before evolving to encompass its other linguistic functions in three stages. Using Labov’s Apparent Time Hypothesis (Labov, William. 1963. The social motivation of a sound change. Word 19(3). 273–309), closer examination also revealed that a progressive difference exists between age groups. Younger TİD signers use the construction [verb + var] more frequently, and as the age of the TİD signer decreases, the usage of this construction in the assumptive function increases considerably.


Corresponding author: Bahtiyar Makaroğlu, Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Languages and History-Geography, Ankara University, Sihhiye, Ankara 06430, Türkiye, E-mail:

Glossing abbreviations

acc

accusative

adv

adverb

aor

aorist

aux

auxiliary

cl

classifier

cond

conditional

CxG

Construction Grammar

dat

dative

dir

direct

ex

existential

ExC

existential construction

fut

future

hab

habitual

indır

indirect

imp

imperative

int

intentional

ıx

a pointing action with the index finger

loc

locative

m

masculine

mne.evd

mnemonic evidential

neg

negation

np

noun phrase

pl

plural

pt

pointing

poss

possession

pres

present

prog

progressive

pros

prospective

pst

past

rem

remote

sg

singular

sign

manual signs are glossed in small caps

____nonmanual

sign

indicates nonmanual marking

sıgn 1

person markers on pronouns and agreeing verbs

sıgn.sıgn

indicates that a sign requires several spoken words to be fully translated

signˆsign

fused forms

sıgn +

number of repetitions of a TİD word

q

question particle

Acknowledgments

An earlier version of this study was presented at Ulusal Dilbilim Kurultayı (UDK36) [National Conference on Turkish Linguistics] (2023) in Kayseri. I thank the audience for their helpful comments. TİD Corpus Project was supported by the Turkish Ministry of Family and Social Services. I am grateful to all the deaf participants for their contributions to the TİD Corpus project, without them it was impossible to complete this project. In addition, I would also like to thank my deaf colleagues Ersan Yücel, Mesut Öztürk and Sinan Bilgiç for their insights into TİD. Finally, I am very grateful to the two anonymous reviewers, Prof. Leyla Uzun, and Prof. Sumru Özsoy for their insightful comments and efforts in helping me improve the article. Of course, all shortcomings are my own.

  1. Disclosure: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

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Received: 2023-04-03
Accepted: 2024-03-02
Published Online: 2024-04-08
Published in Print: 2024-08-27

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