Home Zivilgesellschaft in Subsahara-Afrika: Perspektiven & Entwicklungen
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Zivilgesellschaft in Subsahara-Afrika: Perspektiven & Entwicklungen

  • Roman P. Turczynski

    Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter

Published/Copyright: May 29, 2024
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Zusammenfassung

Die Zivilgesellschaft in Subsahara-Afrika geriet im Zuge der dritten Welle der Demokratisierung in den Blick der Fachöffentlichkeit. Das Ende der 1980er und der Anfang der 1990er Jahre waren geprägt von Demokratisierungstendenzen und Unabhängigkeitsbestrebungen, die in aller Regel Protesten, organisiertem Widerstand und sozialen Bewegungen nachfolgten. Es verwundert deswegen nicht, dass die Zivilgesellschaft in Subsahara-Afrika in Form eben solcher Bewegungen auf dem Radar internationaler Beobachter auftauchte (vgl. Chazan 1992: 280). Zweck dieses Beitrags ist es, einen Überblick über die Breite des Forschungsfeldes der Zivilgesellschaft in Subsahara-Afrika zu geben. Dabei soll die historische Entwicklung zivilgesellschaftlicher Phänomene nachgezeichnet und die diesbezüglichen Besonderheiten der Region herausgestellt werden. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer Diskussion von aktuellen Trends auf dem Feld der Zivilgesellschaft in Subsahara-Afrika.

Abstract

Civil society in sub-Saharan Africa came to the attention of the specialist public in the course of the third wave of democratisation. The end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s were characterised by democratisation tendencies and independence efforts, which were generally followed by protests, organised resistance and social movements. It is therefore not surprising that civil society in sub-Saharan Africa appeared on the radar of international observers in the form of precisely such movements (cf. Chazan 1992: 280). The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the breadth of the research field of civil society in sub-Saharan Africa. The historical development of civil society phenomena will be traced and the specific characteristics of the region in this regard will be emphasised. The article concludes with a discussion of current trends in the field of civil society in sub-Saharan Africa.

Über den Autor / die Autorin

Dr. Roman P. Turczynski

Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter

Literatur

Anheier, Helmut K./Lang, Markus/Toepler, Stefan 2019: Civil society in times of change: shrinking, changing and expanding spaces and the need for new regulatory approaches. In: Economics 13 (1), Artikel 20190008. DOI: 10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2019-8.10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2019-8Search in Google Scholar

Annan, Nancy 2014: Violent Conflicts and Civil Strife in West Africa: Causes, Challenges and Prospects. In: Stability: International Journal of Security & Development 3 (1), S. 3. DOI: 10.5334/sta.da.10.5334/sta.daSearch in Google Scholar

Ansprenger, Franz 2010: Geschichte Afrikas. Orig. Ausg., 4., aktualisierte Aufl. München: Beck (Beck’sche Reihe, 2189: C. H. Beck Wissen).10.17104/9783406615306Search in Google Scholar

Audretsch, David Bruce/Belitski, Maksim/Cherkas, Nataliia 2021: Entrepreneurial ecosystems in cities: The role of institutions. In: PLOS ONE 16 (3), e0247609. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247609.10.1371/journal.pone.0247609Search in Google Scholar

Beckman, Björn 1993: The Liberation of Civil Society: Neo-Liberal Ideology and Political Theory. In: Review of African Political Economy Setting an Agenda for Change in Africa (58), S. 20–33. Online verfügbar unter https://www.jstor.org/stable/4006103.10.1080/03056249308704017Search in Google Scholar

Bierschenk, Thomas/Chauveau, Jean-Pierre/Olivier de Sardan, Jean-Pierre 2001: Lokale Entwicklungsmakler. Zur Soziologie von Zivilgesellschaft und Partizipativer Entwicklungshilfe in Afrika. In: Heiko Schrader (Hg.): Markt, Kultur und Gesellschaft. Zur Aktualität von 25 Jahren Entwicklungsforschung; Festschrift zum 65. Geburtstag von Hans-Dieter Evers. Unter Mitarbeit von Hans-Dieter Evers. Hamburg: Lit (Market, culture and society, Vol. 11).Search in Google Scholar

Botchway, Thomas Prehi 2018: Civil society and the consolidation of democracy in Ghana’s fourth republic. In: Cogent Social Sciences 4 (1), S. 1452840. DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2018.1452840.10.1080/23311886.2018.1452840Search in Google Scholar

Branch, Adam/Mampilly, Zachariah 2015: Africa uprising. Popular protest and political change. London: Zed Books (African Arguments).10.5040/9781350218116Search in Google Scholar

Brandes, Nikolai/Engels, Bettina 2011: Social movements in Africa. In: Stichproben. Wiener Zeitschrift für kritische Afrikastudien 11 (20), S. 1–15.Search in Google Scholar

Brass, Jennifer N./Longhofer, Wesley/Robinson, Rachel S./Schnable, Allison 2018: NGOs and international development: A review of thirty-five years of scholarship. In: World Development 112, S. 136–149. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.07.016.10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.07.016Search in Google Scholar

Bratton, Michael/van de Walle, Nicolas 1992: Popular Protest and Political Reform in Africa. In: Popular Protest and Political Reform in Africa 24 (4), S. 419–442.10.2307/422153Search in Google Scholar

Bünte, Marco 2006: Hybride Regime in Stidostasien – Genese, Gestalt und Entwicklungsdynamiken. In: Gert Pickel/Susanne Pickel (Hg.): Demokratisierung im internationalen Vergleich. Neue Erkenntnisse und Perspektiven. 1. Aufl. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, S. 173–194.10.1007/978-3-531-90423-8_9Search in Google Scholar

Carbone, Giovanni/Cassani, Andrea 2016: Nigeria and Democratic Progress by Elections in Africa. In: Africa Spectrum 51 (3), S. 33–59. DOI: 10.1177/000203971605100302.10.1177/000203971605100302Search in Google Scholar

Carroll, Terrance/Carroll, Barbara Wake 2004: The rapid emergence of civil society in Botswana. In: Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 42 (3), S. 333–355. DOI: 10.1080/1466204042000326172.10.1080/1466204042000326172Search in Google Scholar

Chabal, Patrick; Daloz, Jean-Pascal 2010: Africa works. Disorder as political instrument. [10. printing]. Oxford: Currey (African issues).Search in Google Scholar

Chandler, G. Donald/Chandler, John W. 2013: Robert Mugabe and Nelson Mandela: Revolutionary Leaders. In: G. Donald Chandler/John W. Chandler (Hg.): On effective leadership. Across domains, cultures, and eras. 1. publ. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan (Jepson studies in leadership), S. 179–201.10.1057/9781137318329_10Search in Google Scholar

Chazan, Naomi 1992: Africa’s Democratic Challenge. In: World Policy Journal 9 (2), S. 279–307.Search in Google Scholar

Cheeseman, Nic 2015: Democracy in Africa. Successes, Failures, and the Struggle for Political Reform: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781139030892Search in Google Scholar

Cheeseman, Nic 2022: (Mis)Understanding Urban Africa: Toward A Research Agenda on the Political Impact of Urbanization. In: Afr. stud. rev. 65 (4), S. 985–1005. DOI: 10.1017/asr.2022.83.10.1017/asr.2022.83Search in Google Scholar

Cohen, Jean L./Arato, Andrew 1992: Civil Society and Political Theory. Cambridge, MA, London: MIT Press.Search in Google Scholar

Cohen, Robin; Goulbourne, Harry (Hg.) 2019: Democracy And Socialism In Africa: Routledge.10.4324/9780429045660Search in Google Scholar

Davidson, Basil 2014: Modern Africa. A Social and Political History. 3rd ed. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis.Search in Google Scholar

Della Porta, Donatella; Steinhilper, Elias 2022: Shrinking spaces and civil society contestation. In: Donatella Della Porta/Elias Steinhilper (Hg.): Contentious migrant solidarity. Shrinking spaces and civil society contestation. Abingdon, New York: Routledge (The criminalization of political dissent), S. 1–18.10.4324/9781003083429-1Search in Google Scholar

Eberlei, Walter (Hg.) 2014: Zivilgesellschaftliche politische Arbeit in Subsahara Afrika. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.10.1007/978-3-658-01964-8Search in Google Scholar

Elbers, Willem/Schulpen, Lau/Frobisher, Emma 2022: Stuck in a “Catch-22”: Why Donors Fail to Include Grassroots Perspectives on CSO Legitimacy. In: Eur J Dev Res 34 (2), S. 921–939. DOI: 10.1057/s41287-021-00406-z.10.1057/s41287-021-00406-zSearch in Google Scholar

Fishman, Robert M. 2017: How Civil Society Matters in Democratization: Setting the Boundaries of Post-Transition Political Inclusion. In: Comparative Politics 49 (3), S. 391–409.10.5129/001041517820934294Search in Google Scholar

Fowler, Alan 2022: Civil Society and the Pluralization of African Philanthropy: A Case of Back to the Future? In: Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 51 (1), S. 103–124. DOI: 10.1177/08997640211020134.10.1177/08997640211020134Search in Google Scholar

Fowler, Alan/Crack, Angela/Diola, Faina/Pousadela, Inés M./Elbers, Willem 2023: Developmental pracademics: who they are and why they matter. In: Development in Practice, S. 1–6. DOI: 10.1080/09614524.2023.2294683.10.1080/09614524.2023.2294683Search in Google Scholar

Froehlich (Hg.) 2020: Space Fostering African Societies. Cham: Springer International Publishing (Southern Space Studies).10.1007/978-3-030-32930-3Search in Google Scholar

Gellner, Ernest 1996: Conditions of liberty. Civil society and its rivals. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.Search in Google Scholar

Gutheil, Lena 2022: Civil society participation in urban governance in Africa. In: Megatrends Afrika Policy Brief. DOI: 10.18449/2022MTA-PB05.Search in Google Scholar

Hegel, Georg W. F. 2017: Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts. Auf der Grundlage der Edition des Textes in den Gesammelten Werken Band 14. Hg. v. Klaus Grotsch. Hamburg: Felix Meiner (Philosophische Bibliothek, 700).10.28937/978-3-7873-2974-8Search in Google Scholar

Holm, John D./Molutsi, Patrick P./Somolekae, Gloria 1996: The Development of Civil Society in a Democratic State: The Botswana Model. In: Afr. stud. rev. 39 (2), S. 43. DOI: 10.2307/525435.10.2307/525435Search in Google Scholar

Jacobs, Jörg 2006: In: Gert Pickel/Susanne Pickel (Hg.): Demokratisierung im internationalen Vergleich. Neue Erkenntnisse und Perspektiven. 1. Aufl. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, S. 301–330.Search in Google Scholar

Kohnert, Dirk 2021: The impact of digitalization on poverty alleviation in Africa. In: SSRN Journal. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3944941.10.2139/ssrn.3944941Search in Google Scholar

Leininger, Julia 2022: Subsahara-Afrika. In: Staatslexikon online. Online verfügbar unter https://www.staatslexikon-online.de/Lexikon/Subsahara-Afrika, zuletzt geprüft am 11.03.2024.Search in Google Scholar

Lewis, David 2002: Civil Society in African Contexts: Reflections on the Usefulness of a Concept. In: Development and Change 33 (4), S. 569–586.10.1111/1467-7660.00270Search in Google Scholar

Lewis, Peter 2018: Africa: Dilemmas Of Development And Change: Routledge.10.4324/9780429502538Search in Google Scholar

Lorch, Jasmin/Bunk, Bettina 2017: Using civil society as an authoritarian legitimation strategy: Algeria and Mozambique in comparative perspective. In: Democratization 24 (6), S. 987–1005. DOI: 10.1080/13510347.2016.1256285.10.1080/13510347.2016.1256285Search in Google Scholar

Maguchu, Prosper 2020: Movimientos sociales de base: ¿Una nueva narrativa sobre los derechos humanos en África? In: República y Derecho 5 (5), S. 1–26. Online verfügbar unter https://ojs3.derecho.uncu.edu.ar/index.php/revista/article/view/184.Search in Google Scholar

Makumbe, John Mw 1998: Is There a Civil Society in Africa? In: International Affairs 74 (2), S. 305–317.10.1111/1468-2346.00018Search in Google Scholar

Malila, Vanessa 2021: Africa CSOs in closing civic spaces. Bridging the information gap through social media. In: Ibrahim Natil, Vanessa Malila und Youcef Sai (Hg.): Barriers to effective civil society organisations. Political, social and financial shifts. Abingdon, Oxon, New York: Routledge (Routledge explorations in development studies), S. 20–35.10.4324/9781003053040-3Search in Google Scholar

Mamdani, Mahmood 2015: Beyond Nuremberg. In: Politics & Society 43 (1), S. 61–88. DOI: 10.1177/0032329214554387.10.1177/0032329214554387Search in Google Scholar

Mati, Jacob Mwathi 2014: Neoliberalism and the Forms of Civil Society in Kenya and South Africa. In: Ebenezer Obadare (Hg.): The handbook of civil society in Africa. New York: Springer (Nonprofit and civil society studies), S. 215–232.10.1007/978-1-4614-8262-8_14Search in Google Scholar

Mati, Jacob Mwathi 2017: Philanthropy in Contemporary Africa: A Review. In: BRP Voluntaristics Rev 1 (6), S. 1–100. DOI: 10.1163/24054933-12340014.10.1163/24054933-12340014Search in Google Scholar

Mati, Jacob Mwathi 2020: Civil Society in ‘Politics’ and ‘Development’ in African Hybrid Regimes: The Kenyan Case. In: Voluntas 31 (4), S. 674–687. DOI: 10.1007/s11266-020-00211-y.10.1007/s11266-020-00211-ySearch in Google Scholar

Mercer, Claire 2002: NGOs, civil society and democratization: a critical review of the literature. In: Progress in Development Studies 2 (1), S. 5–22. DOI: 10.1191/1464993402ps027ra.10.1191/1464993402ps027raSearch in Google Scholar

Metz, Thaddeus 2020: Ubuntu: The Good Life. In: Maggino (Hg.): Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Cham: Springer International Publishing, S. 1–5.10.1007/978-3-319-69909-7_4029-2Search in Google Scholar

Mlambo, Victor H./Zubane, Sphephelo P./Mlambo, Daniel N. 2020: Promoting good governance in Africa: The role of the civil society as a watchdog. In: J Public Affairs 20 (1), e1989. DOI: 10.1002/pa.1989.10.1002/pa.1989Search in Google Scholar

Moyo, Bhekinkosi/Ramsamy, Katiana 2014: African philanthropy, pan-Africanism, and Africa’s development. In: Development in Practice 24 (5–6), S. 656–671. DOI: 10.1080/09614524.2014.937399.10.1080/09614524.2014.937399Search in Google Scholar

Munene, Jane Wamaitha/Thakhathi, D. Reckson 2017: An analysis of capacities of civil society organizations (CSOs) involved in promotion of community participation in governance in Kenya. In: J Public Affairs 17 (4), Artikel e1668. DOI: 10.1002/pa.1668.10.1002/pa.1668Search in Google Scholar

Munyaradzi, Mawere 2018: The End of an Era? Robert Mugabe and a Conflicting Legacy. Bamenda, Cameroon: Langaa RPCIG.Search in Google Scholar

Navarrete Moreno, C./Agapitova, N. 2017: Emerging Social Enterprise Ecosystems in East and South African Countries – A Diagnosis of Supporting Environments and Activity of Social Enterprises in Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. Washington, DC: World Bank.10.1596/26672Search in Google Scholar

Neubert, Dieter 2013: Zivilgesellschaft in Afrika? Formen gesellschaftlicher Selbstorganisation im Spannungsfeld von Globalisierung und lokaler soziopolitischer Ordnung. In: Axel Paul (Hg.): Globalisierung Süd. Unter Mitarbeit von Alejandro Pelfini und Boike Rehbein. Dordrecht: Springer (Leviathan Sonderhefte), S. 210–232. Online verfügbar unter https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-531-19916-0_9.10.1007/978-3-531-19916-0_9Search in Google Scholar

Ndou, S. D. 2016: State and Civil Society Relations Perspectives for Good Goovernance: Propositios for the Africa Agenda 2063 Aspirations. In: Journal of Public Administration and Development Alternatives 1 (1), S. 28–44.Search in Google Scholar

Obadare, Ebenezer (Hg.) 2014: The handbook of civil society in Africa. New York: Springer (Nonprofit and civil society studies).Search in Google Scholar

Obadare, Ebenezer 2014: Turning the Table on Gellner: Alternative Discourses of Civil Society in Africa. In: Ebenezer Obadare (Hg.): The handbook of civil society in Africa. New York: Springer (Nonprofit and civil society studies).10.1007/978-1-4614-8262-8Search in Google Scholar

Obadare, Ebenezer/Krawczyk, Kelly 2022: Civil Society and Philanthropy in Africa: Parallels, Paradoxes and Promise. In: Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 51 (1), S. 76–102. DOI: 10.1177/08997640211057453.10.1177/08997640211057453Search in Google Scholar

Obembe, Funmi 2023: Pracademics: Facilitating Smooth Transition from Industry to Academia. In: Jill Dickinson und Teri-Lisa Griffiths (Hg.): Professional Development for Practitioners in Academia, Bd. 13. Cham: Springer International Publishing (Knowledge Studies in Higher Education), S. 101–116.10.1007/978-3-031-33746-8_8Search in Google Scholar

Pattinson, Steven/Wanjiru, Roseline 2020: Supporting sustainable, equitable growth in sub-Saharan Africa: a conceptual model for enabling social enterprise governance. In Paresha Sinha, Jenny Gibb, Michèle Akoorie, Jonathan Scott (Eds.): Research Handbook on Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies: Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 302–324.10.4337/9781788973717.00026Search in Google Scholar

Plattner, Marc F./Diamond, Larry/Fukuyama, Francis/Horowitz, Donald L. 2014: Reconsidering the ‘Transition Paradigm. In: Journal of Democracy 25 (1), S. 86–100.10.1353/jod.2014.0018Search in Google Scholar

Post, Ken 2019: The State, Civil Society, and Democracy in Africa: Some Theoretical Issues. In: Robin Cohen/Harry Goulbourne (Hg.): Democracy And Socialism In Africa: Routledge, S. 34–52. Online verfügbar unter https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429045660-3/state-civil-society-democracy-africa-theoretical-issues-ken-post.10.4324/9780429045660-3Search in Google Scholar

Powell, Mike/Seddon, David 1997: NGOs & the development industry. In: Review of African Political Economy 24 (71). DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704235.10.1080/03056249708704235Search in Google Scholar

Shankar, Shobana 2014: Civil Society and Religion. In: Ebenezer Obadare (Hg.): The handbook of civil society in Africa. New York: Springer (Nonprofit and civil society studies), S. 25–41.10.1007/978-1-4614-8262-8_3Search in Google Scholar

Smidt, Hannah 2018: Shrinking Civic Space in Africa: When Governments Crack Down on Civil Society. In: 1862–3603 4, S. 11. Online verfügbar unter https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/60572.Search in Google Scholar

Tar, Usman A. 2014: Civil Society and Neoliberalism. In: Ebenezer Obadare (Hg.): The handbook of civil society in Africa. New York: Springer (Nonprofit and civil society studies), S. 253–272.10.1007/978-1-4614-8262-8_16Search in Google Scholar

Terstriep, Judith/Rehfeld, Dieter/Kleverbeck, Maria 2020: Favourable social innovation ecosystem(s)? – An explorative approach. In: European Planning Studies 28 (5), S. 881–905. DOI: 10.1080/09654313.2019.1708868.10.1080/09654313.2019.1708868Search in Google Scholar

Toepler, Stefan/Zimmer, Annette/Fröhlich, Christian/Obuch, Katharina 2020: The Changing Space for NGOs: Civil Society in Authoritarian and Hybrid Regimes. In: Voluntas 31 (4), S. 649–662. DOI: 10.1007/s11266-020-00240-7.10.1007/s11266-020-00240-7Search in Google Scholar

Turczynski, Roman Paul 2023: Fundamente liberalen und republikanischen politischen Denkens. Subjektivistische und objektivistische Grundannahmen in Theorien der Civil Society. Baden-Baden: Georg Olms Verlag (Wissenschaftliche Schriften der WWU Münster, Reihe VII: Sozialwissenschaften, Band 34).Search in Google Scholar

US Aid 2022: CSO Sustainability Index Explorer. Online verfügbar unter https://csosi.org/, zuletzt geprüft am 11.03.2024.Search in Google Scholar

Wamucii, Priscilla 2014: Civil society Organizations and the State in East africa: From the Colonial to the Modern era. In: Ebenezer Obadare (Hg.): The handbook of civil society in Africa. New York: Springer (Nonprofit and civil society studies), S. 109–124.10.1007/978-1-4614-8262-8_8Search in Google Scholar

Yoon, Christopher 2020: Digital Africa: An Analysis of Digital Trends in Africa and Their Driving Factors. In: Froehlich (Hg.): Space Fostering African Societies. Cham: Springer International Publishing (Southern Space Studies), S. 109–133.10.1007/978-3-030-32930-3_9Search in Google Scholar

Young, Crawford 2023: Ethnicity and the Colonial and Post-Colonial State in Africa. In: Paul R. Brass (Hg.): Ethnic groups and the state. London: Routledge (Routledge revivals), S. 57–93.10.4324/9781003372059-2Search in Google Scholar

Ziemke-Dickens, Caroline F./Buckley, Karen J./Oh Hassig, Kongdan/Yarwood, Janette 2012: Roundtable Proceedings – Strengthening the Civil Society Africa Needs: Challenges and Opportunities in West Africa. In: INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES (Document D-4616). Online verfügbar unter https://www.ida.org/research-and-publications/publications/all/r/ro/roundtable-proceedings-strengthening-the-civil-society-africa-needs-challenges-and-opportunities-in-west-africa.Search in Google Scholar

Online erschienen: 2024-05-29
Erschienen im Druck: 2024-05-28

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 25.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/fjsb-2024-0020/html
Scroll to top button