A construct of cognitive discourse functions for conceptualising content-language integration in CLIL and multilingual education[1]
Abstract
School-level learners who study curricular content in a language that is not their first require active support in their development of academic language, ideally in conjunction with working on said content. However, content teachers naturally orient towards the learning goals formulated for their respective subjects, while language teachers do not routinely consider them. This situation could be resolved if a zone of convergence between content and language pedagogies could be established. In this paper I argue that cognitive discourse functions (CDFs) constitute such a zone of convergence as the cognitive processes involving subject-specific facts, concepts and categories are verbalized in recurring and patterned ways during the event of co-creating knowledge in the classroom. While numerous publications make reference to such discourse functions, no coherent and theoretically explicit model of CDFs exists to date. The main purpose of this paper is, therefore, to introduce such a model that is theoretically explicit and conceptually anchored in both education and linguistics. Initial evidence for the empirical grounding of the construct is presented and suggestions are made for the further elaboration, consolidation and use of the CDF Construct introduced in this article.
Zusammenfassung: SchülerInnen die ihre Schullaufbahn in einer Zweitsprache absolvieren müssen oder im Fall von CLIL wollen, haben einen erhöhten Unterstützungsbedarf bezüglich der Entwicklung ihrer bildungssprachlichen Kompetenzen. Allerdings beziehen SachfachlehrerInnen sich nahezu ausschließlich auf die Bildungsziele ihrer jeweiligen Fächer, zu denen SprachlehrerInnen wiederum häufig der Zugang fehlt. Im Interesse eines sprachsensiblen Fachunterrichts wäre es also angebracht, Überschneidungen dieser unterschiedlichen fachdidaktischen Logiken zu eruieren. Dieser Artikel macht den Vorschlag, Kognitive Diskursfunktionen (CDFs) als so einen Überschneidungsbereich zu betrachten. Zahlreiche Publikationen erwähnen solche Diskursfunktionen mit denen im Unterrichtsdiskurs kognitive Prozesse bezüglich fachlicher Fakten, Konzepte und Kategorien in routinemäßigen Mustern versprachlicht werden. Fachwissen wird so zugänglich gemacht und diskursiv konstruiert. Es gibt zu den CDFs bisher allerdings kein kohärentes Modell. Die Hauptintention dieses Artikels ist es daher, ein solches Modell vorzuschlagen. Das CDF Modell ist theoretisch explizit und konzeptuell sowohl bildungs- als auch sprachwissenschaftlich verankert. Es besteht aus sieben Hauptkategorien, denen unscharfe und teilweise kulturell differenzierte CDFs zugeordnet sind. Erste empirische Grundlegungen für das Modell werden vorgestellt, sowie Perspektiven der Weiterarbeit und Anwendung diskutiert.
Resumen: Los alumnos de nivel escolar que estudian contenido curricular en un segundo idioma requieren de apoyo activo para desarrollar su lenguaje académico, idealmente en conjunto con su trabajo en dicho contenido. Sin embargo, los profesores de contenido se orientan naturalmente hacia las metas de aprendizaje formuladas por sus respectivas asignaturas, mientras que los profesores de idiomas normalmente no lo suelen considerar. La situación podría ser resuelta si se pudiera establecer una zona de convergencia entre la pedagogía del contenido y del lenguaje. En este artículo, se argumenta que las funciones del discurso cognitivo (FDCs) constituyen tal zona de convergencia, ya que los procedimientos cognitivos relacionados con hechos, conceptos y categorías específico/as de la materia se verbalizan y se plasman de forma recurrente durante el evento de co-creación de conocimiento en el aula. Mientras numerosas publicaciones hacen referencia a tales funciones del discurso, no existe ningún modelo coherente ni teóricamente explícito de los FDCs hoy en día. El objetivo principal de este articulo, por lo tanto, es introducir tal modelo, y que éste sea teóricamente explícito y anclado conceptualmente tanto en la educación como en la lingüística. Se presentará la evidencia inicial de la base empírica de la construcción, y se harán sugerencias para la posterior elaboración, consolidación y utilización de la construcción de los FDCs introducidas en este artículo.
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7 References
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Appendix
A tabulation of academic cognitive discourse functions and/or cognitive processes mentioned in the literature reviewed (extended from Lackner 2012)
Discourse function Mentioned in
analyzing Dalton-Puffer (2007a), Biggs & Tang (2011), Bailey, Butler & Sato (2007), Bailey & Butler (2003), Mard-Miettinen (2008), Cline & Frederickson (1996)
applying Biggs & Tang (2011)
appreciating Thürmann/Vollmer/Pieper (2010)
arguing Vollmer/Thürmann (2010), Thürmann/Vollmer/Pieper (2010), Vollmer (2011), Bailey, Butler & Sato (2007), Mard-Miettinen (2008), Cline & Frederickson (1996)
classifying Kidd (1996), Chamot/O´Malley (1987), Dalton-Puffer (2007a), Beacco (2010), Bailey, Butler & Sato (2007), Mard-Miettinen (2008), Cline & Frederickson (1996)
combining Biggs & Tang (2011)
comparing Kidd (1996), Bailey/Butler (2003), Dalton-Puffer (2007a), Zwiers (2007), Vollmer/Thürmann (2010), Thürmann/Vollmer/Pieper (2010), Biggs & Tang (2011), Bailey, Butler & Sato (2007), Bailey & Butler (2003), Bailey & Butler (2003, Cline & Frederickson (1996)
commenting Bailey/Butler (2003)
contrasting Thürmann/Vollmer/Pieper (2010), Biggs & Tang (2011), Bailey, Butler & Sato (2007), Bailey & Butler (2003), Cline & Frederickson (1996)
critiquing Beacco (2010)
describing Chamot/O´Malley (1987), Kidd (1996), Bailey/Butler (2003), Dalton-Puffer (2007a), Lose (2007), Vollmer/Thürmann (2010), Beacco (2010), Thürmann/Vollmer/Pieper (2010), Vollmer (2011), Biggs & Tang (2011), Bailey, Butler & Sato (2007), Bailey & Butler (2003), Mard-Miettinen (2008), Wong Fillmore (1983), Cline & Frederickson (1996)
defining Kidd (1996), Dalton-Puffer (2007a), Thürmann/Vollmer/Pieper (2010), Vollmer (2011), Beacco (2010), Bailey, Butler & Sato (2007), Wong Fillmore (1983)
drawing conclusions Dalton-Puffer (2007a), Vollmer/Thürmann (2010)
elaborating Bailey & Butler (2003)
enumerating Biggs & Tang (2011), Bailey, Butler & Sato (2007)
evaluating & assessing Chamot/O´Malley (1987), Bailey/Butler (2003), Dalton-Puffer (2007a), Thürmann/Vollmer/Pieper (2010), Vollmer/Thürmann (2010), Vollmer (2011), Bailey, Butler & Sato 2007, Wong Fillmore (1983), Cline & Frederickson (1996)
explaining, expressing cause/effect Chamot/O´Malley (1987), Kidd (1996), Bailey/Butler (2003), Dalton-Puffer (2007a), Zwiers (2007), Lose (2007), Thürmann/Vollmer/Pieper (2010), Vollmer/Thürmann (2010), Morton/Llinares (2010), Vollmer (2011), Biggs & Tang (2011), Bailey, Butler & Sato (2007), Bailey & Butler (2003), Wong Fillmore (1983), Cline & Frederickson (1996)
exploring Thürmann/Vollmer/Pieper (2010)
exemplifying Kidd (1996), Wong Fillmore (1983)
expressing opinion Lose (2007)
expressing time relations Kidd (1996)
generalizing Kidd (1996), Biggs & Tang (2011), Bailey, Butler & Sato (2007), Mard-Miettinen (2008), Cline & Frederickson (1996)
hypothesizing, speculating Dalton-Puffer (2007a), Lose (2007), Biggs & Tang (2011), Bailey, Butler & Sato (2007), Bailey & Butler (2003), Mard-Miettinen (2008), Cline & Frederickson (1996)
identifying Biggs & Tang (2011), Bailey, Butler & Sato (2007), Bailey & Butler (2003), Mard-Miettinen (2008), Cline & Frederickson (1996)
inferencing Bailey, Butler & Sato (2007)
informing Chamot/O´Malley (1987), Dalton-Puffer (2007a)
inquiring Bailey, Butler & Sato (2007)
interpreting Beacco (2010), Bailey, Butler & Sato (2007), Cline & Frederickson (1996)
judging Thürmann/Vollmer/Pieper (2010)
justifying Beacco (2010), Bailey & Butler (2003), Cline & Frederickson (1996)
labeling Thürmann/Vollmer/Pieper (2010), Bailey, Butler & Sato (2007)
listing Biggs & Tang (2011)
matching Beacco (2010), Cline & Frederickson (1996)
narrating/reporting Kidd (1996), Dalton-Puffer (2007a), Thürmann/Vollmer/Pieper (2010), Vollmer/Thürmann (2010), Vollmer (2011), Cline & Frederickson (1996)
naming Thürmann/Vollmer/Pieper (2010), Vollmer (2011), Mard-Miettinen (2008), Cline & Frederickson (1996)
negotiating Vollmer (2011), Bailey, Butler & Sato (2007)
interpreting Zwiers (2007), Beacco (2010)
organizing Bailey, Butler & Sato (2007)
persuading Dalton-Puffer (2007a), Zwiers (2007), Bailey, Butler & Sato (2007),
pointing (at/out) Thürmann/Vollmer/Pieper (2010)
positioning Thürmann/Vollmer/Pieper (2010)
predicting Dalton-Puffer (2007a), Bailey, Butler & Sato (2007), Mard-Miettinen (2008), Cline & Frederickson (1996)
recognizing Bailey & Butler (2003)
reflecting Thürmann/Vollmer/Pieper (2010), Biggs & Tang (2011)
relating Thürmann/Vollmer/Pieper (2010), Biggs & Tang (2011), Wong Fillmore (1983)
requesting/giving information Bailey/Butler (2003), Dalton-Puffer (2007a)
representing Beacco (2010)
retelling Bailey, Butler & Sato (2007), Cline & Frederickson (1996)
sequencing Bailey, Butler & Sato (2007), Cline & Frederickson (1996)
summarizing Vollmer/Thürmann (2010), Vollmer (2011), Bailey, Butler & Sato (2007), Mard-Miettinen (2008), Wong Fillmore (1983), Cline & Frederickson (1996)
simulating/modeling Thürmann/Vollmer/Pieper (2010), Vollmer (2011)
specifying (details) Thürmann/Vollmer/Pieper (2010)
structuring Vollmer/Thürmann (2010)
synthesizing Bailey, Butler & Sato (2007)
taking other perspectives Zwiers (2007)
transforming information Cline & Frederickson (1996)
theorizing Biggs & Tang (2011)
© 2013 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Masthead
- Inclusive Multilingualism: Concept, Modes and Implications
- A construct of cognitive discourse functions for conceptualising content-language integration in CLIL and multilingual education
- Multilingual discourse competence in minority children: Exploring the factors of transfer and variation
- Cumann na Teangeolaíochta Feidhmí/Irish Association for Applied Linguistics (IRAAL)
- The LUCIDE network: Languages in Urban Communities – Integration and Diversity for Europe
- Professionalizing Language Training and German as a Second Language
- The euroWiss-Project: Linguistic Profiling of European Academic Education (Germany/Italy)
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Masthead
- Inclusive Multilingualism: Concept, Modes and Implications
- A construct of cognitive discourse functions for conceptualising content-language integration in CLIL and multilingual education
- Multilingual discourse competence in minority children: Exploring the factors of transfer and variation
- Cumann na Teangeolaíochta Feidhmí/Irish Association for Applied Linguistics (IRAAL)
- The LUCIDE network: Languages in Urban Communities – Integration and Diversity for Europe
- Professionalizing Language Training and German as a Second Language
- The euroWiss-Project: Linguistic Profiling of European Academic Education (Germany/Italy)