Startseite Medizin Preparation and characterization of nanoparticles composed of methylated N-(4-N,N-dimethyl aminobenzyl) chitosan for oral delivery of cyclosporine A
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Preparation and characterization of nanoparticles composed of methylated N-(4-N,N-dimethyl aminobenzyl) chitosan for oral delivery of cyclosporine A

  • Reza Mahjub

    Reza Mahjub has studied in high schools related to exemptional talents and received his high school diploma in 2001. In the same year, he started his education in the field of Pharmacy in the Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. He received his PharmD degree in July 2008 and in the same year, he was accepted to be a PhD candidate in the field of Pharmaceutical Technology at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. During his PhD has also conducted an undergraduate PharmD thesis in the area of peroral peptide delivery and nano drug delivery systems. He presented his PhD project on oral insulin delivery at cenetial FIP (2012 Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Beside his PhD research, he has worked in the Soha Pharmaceutical Company as the Manger of R & D and as involved in the formulation and development of novel solid dosage forms. He completed his PhD in 2012 and started a fellowship course on pharmaceutical nanotechnology in the Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Leopold Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innbruck, Austria. During his fellowship course, he has studied the self nanoemulsifying peptide delivery system and also he has attended several courses on Caco-2 cell permeability studies in Leopold Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. He become an Assistant Professor in the Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences and was nominated as the visiting assistant professor in British Columbia University, Vancouver, Canada. He has published more than 20 scientific papers in international journals and is also a reviewer for AAPSPharnSciTech and Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy. He is the founder and chief advisor of the Pharmaceutical Incubation Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences which is involved in large scale manufacturing of solids and semisolids.

    , Robabeh Allahyar , Morteza Rafiee-Tehrani

    Morteza Rafiee-Tehrani is an Iranian Pharmacist who received his Pharm.D from Tehran University of Medical Sciences and his PhD in Physical Industrial Pharmacy from the University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA in 1968 and 1976, respectively. He is certificated in Clinical Laboratories from the Ministry of Health in Iran and also in Clinical Chemistry from the Physician Research Laboratory, Michigan University, USA. He has also been a member of the WHO expert advisory board on the International Pharmacopeia and Pharmaceutical Preparations since 1985. In 1997, Dr. Rafiee-Tehrani became a Full Professor of the School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. From 1996 to 2002, he had also been a visiting professor of Leiden-Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, University of Leiden, The Netherlands. His research interests are development of sustained release (SR) and controlled release (CR) systems of oral tablets, evaluation of endotoxin removal by ultra filters from biological fluids and parentral medications, development of mucoadhesive/bioadhesive drug delivery systems, design of dosage forms for peroral peptide delivery and design of dosage forms for colon drug delivery systems as well as gene delivery and tumor targeting drug delivery. He has published more than 80 original research papers in international journals. Because of his considerable role in industrial pharmacy, he has received several awards such as Upjohns Pharmaceutical Scholarship (USA, 1974), the Kharazmi Award as a distinguished investigator (Iran, 1988 and 1991), the Avicenna Award as a distinguished investigator (Iran, 2001), and the Razi Award as a distinguished investigator (Iran, 2002).

    und Farid Abedin Dorkoosh

    Farid Abedin Dorkoosh received his high school diploma in the field of Experimental Science in 1988. In the same year, he started his pharmacy education in Tehran Azad University. He was honored to receive his Pharm.D certificate in 1995 as one of the best students in his year. He started to work in I.P.I.C (Iran Pharmaceutical Development and Investment Company) as a manager of the research department from 1995 for 15 months. He followed his military service as a hospital pharmacist in Army 501 Hospital for 2 years. After finishing his military service, he worked in Laleh Ekbatan Company, as a head of the cosmetic production unit. In April 1998, he started his PhD at Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands. Besides his PhD research in the department of pharmaceutical technology, he followed an introduction course on drug research in March 1999 and a post-graduate international course on laboratory animal science at the University of Utrecht in June 1999. He attended the ULIA summer school in Denmark in 1999. He also passed a course on gene therapy and gene delivery at the Medical Faculty of Leiden University in January 2001. He presented his PhD project in the area of peroral peptide drug delivery at the Millennial World Congress of Pharmaceutical Sciences in San Francisco (USA) in April 2000 and the Controlled Release Symposium (CRS) in Paris (France) in July 2000. He was also honored to receive the 2001 CRS/Capsugel graduate award for outstanding research in peroral peptide delivery dedicated by the Young Investigator Award Committee of the Controlled Release Society (CRS) in San Diego, USA in June 2001. He was also received the 2002 AAPS graduate award for his research on Caco-2 cells at PDD/PT Graduate Symposium in Toronto, Canada in November 2002. He has received his PhD from Leiden University in June 2002. To date, he has published more than 40 scientific papers related to nanothenology, peroral peptide delivery and industrial pharmacy. He became a faculty member as an Associate Professor in Department of Pharmaceutics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in September 2008.

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Abstract

Cyclosporine is considered a highly lypophilic compound meaning low bioavailability through oral administration. In this study, cyclosporine was entrapped in a novel aromatic, quaternized derivative of chitosan (i.e. methylated N-(4-N,N-dimethyl aminobenzyl) chitosan) in order to improve solubility and bioavailability. Methylated N-(4,N,N-dimethyl aminobenzyl) chitosan was synthesized by the Schiff base reaction method. Polymeric nanoparticles containing cyclosporine was prepared and the physico-chemical properties of prepared nanoparticles were determined. The nanoparticles were studied morphologically using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Finally, the release of cyclosporine from nanoparticles was studied in vitro using simulated intestinal fluid adjusted to pH of 6.8. For the preparation of nanoparticles, different formulations were studied and it was found that proper nanoparticles were prepared in equal concentration (1 mg/mL) of polymer and sodium tri-poly phosphate (TPP). The size, zeta potential, PdI, EE% and LE% of the prepared nanoparticles were reported as 173±36 nm, 23.1±4.18 mV, 0.243±0.05, 97.1±4.38% and 3.2±0.21%, respectively. The TEM images of nanoparticles revealed spherical to sub-spherical nanoparticles with no sign of agglomeration. This study suggests that preparations of nanoparticles composed of methylated N-(4,N,N-dimethyl aminobenzyl) chitosan can be a good candidate for improving the oral bioavailability of cyclosporine.


Corresponding author: Farid Abedin Dorkoosh, Pharm.D, Ph.D, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Enghelab Ave., Tehran, Iran; and Medical Biomaterial Research Center (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, E-mail:

About the authors

Reza Mahjub

Reza Mahjub has studied in high schools related to exemptional talents and received his high school diploma in 2001. In the same year, he started his education in the field of Pharmacy in the Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. He received his PharmD degree in July 2008 and in the same year, he was accepted to be a PhD candidate in the field of Pharmaceutical Technology at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. During his PhD has also conducted an undergraduate PharmD thesis in the area of peroral peptide delivery and nano drug delivery systems. He presented his PhD project on oral insulin delivery at cenetial FIP (2012 Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Beside his PhD research, he has worked in the Soha Pharmaceutical Company as the Manger of R & D and as involved in the formulation and development of novel solid dosage forms. He completed his PhD in 2012 and started a fellowship course on pharmaceutical nanotechnology in the Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Leopold Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innbruck, Austria. During his fellowship course, he has studied the self nanoemulsifying peptide delivery system and also he has attended several courses on Caco-2 cell permeability studies in Leopold Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. He become an Assistant Professor in the Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences and was nominated as the visiting assistant professor in British Columbia University, Vancouver, Canada. He has published more than 20 scientific papers in international journals and is also a reviewer for AAPSPharnSciTech and Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy. He is the founder and chief advisor of the Pharmaceutical Incubation Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences which is involved in large scale manufacturing of solids and semisolids.

Morteza Rafiee-Tehrani

Morteza Rafiee-Tehrani is an Iranian Pharmacist who received his Pharm.D from Tehran University of Medical Sciences and his PhD in Physical Industrial Pharmacy from the University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA in 1968 and 1976, respectively. He is certificated in Clinical Laboratories from the Ministry of Health in Iran and also in Clinical Chemistry from the Physician Research Laboratory, Michigan University, USA. He has also been a member of the WHO expert advisory board on the International Pharmacopeia and Pharmaceutical Preparations since 1985. In 1997, Dr. Rafiee-Tehrani became a Full Professor of the School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. From 1996 to 2002, he had also been a visiting professor of Leiden-Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, University of Leiden, The Netherlands. His research interests are development of sustained release (SR) and controlled release (CR) systems of oral tablets, evaluation of endotoxin removal by ultra filters from biological fluids and parentral medications, development of mucoadhesive/bioadhesive drug delivery systems, design of dosage forms for peroral peptide delivery and design of dosage forms for colon drug delivery systems as well as gene delivery and tumor targeting drug delivery. He has published more than 80 original research papers in international journals. Because of his considerable role in industrial pharmacy, he has received several awards such as Upjohns Pharmaceutical Scholarship (USA, 1974), the Kharazmi Award as a distinguished investigator (Iran, 1988 and 1991), the Avicenna Award as a distinguished investigator (Iran, 2001), and the Razi Award as a distinguished investigator (Iran, 2002).

Farid Abedin Dorkoosh

Farid Abedin Dorkoosh received his high school diploma in the field of Experimental Science in 1988. In the same year, he started his pharmacy education in Tehran Azad University. He was honored to receive his Pharm.D certificate in 1995 as one of the best students in his year. He started to work in I.P.I.C (Iran Pharmaceutical Development and Investment Company) as a manager of the research department from 1995 for 15 months. He followed his military service as a hospital pharmacist in Army 501 Hospital for 2 years. After finishing his military service, he worked in Laleh Ekbatan Company, as a head of the cosmetic production unit. In April 1998, he started his PhD at Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands. Besides his PhD research in the department of pharmaceutical technology, he followed an introduction course on drug research in March 1999 and a post-graduate international course on laboratory animal science at the University of Utrecht in June 1999. He attended the ULIA summer school in Denmark in 1999. He also passed a course on gene therapy and gene delivery at the Medical Faculty of Leiden University in January 2001. He presented his PhD project in the area of peroral peptide drug delivery at the Millennial World Congress of Pharmaceutical Sciences in San Francisco (USA) in April 2000 and the Controlled Release Symposium (CRS) in Paris (France) in July 2000. He was also honored to receive the 2001 CRS/Capsugel graduate award for outstanding research in peroral peptide delivery dedicated by the Young Investigator Award Committee of the Controlled Release Society (CRS) in San Diego, USA in June 2001. He was also received the 2002 AAPS graduate award for his research on Caco-2 cells at PDD/PT Graduate Symposium in Toronto, Canada in November 2002. He has received his PhD from Leiden University in June 2002. To date, he has published more than 40 scientific papers related to nanothenology, peroral peptide delivery and industrial pharmacy. He became a faculty member as an Associate Professor in Department of Pharmaceutics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in September 2008.

Acknowledgments

This study was made possible by financial supports from Deputy of Research and Technology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The authors should thank from Prof. Rassoul Dinarvand for his valuable comments.

  1. Conflict of interest statement: The authors report no conflict of interest.

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Received: 2015-8-23
Accepted: 2015-11-18
Published Online: 2016-1-19
Published in Print: 2016-4-1

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Heruntergeladen am 28.12.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/ejnm-2015-0034/pdf
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