Formulation of gentamicin as surface modified self-nanoemulsifying formulations (SNEFs) improves its anti-pneumococcal activity
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Chukwuebuka Umeyor
Chukwuebuka Umeyor is a lecturer in the Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. He obtained his Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm) in 2007 and a Master of Pharmacy (MPharm) in Drug Delivery and Formulation Science in 2010 both from University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. He has just defended his Doctoral thesis for the award of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. His doctoral research is on the use of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) and nanotechnology to enhance clinical applications of drugs. He has several publications in reputable peer-reviewed local and international journals, and has taught courses in different areas of Physical Pharmaceutics and Formulation Science. This work is part of his PhD research.
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Anthony Attama
Anthony Attama is a Professor in the Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. His research interests include development and formulation of novel delivery systems of bioactive agents for the control of tropical diseases, pharmaceutical raw materials development and quality control of pharmaceuticals. He has received many international research grants and awards from major funding bodies such as: the International Foundation for Science (IFS) and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (AvH). He is a member of Editorial Board for many national and international journals. He has coauthored many books, contributed many book chapters and has many articles published in peer-reviewed journals and has attended many conferences. All the authors of this work are members of his research group.
Emmanuel Uronnachi obtained a Bachelor of Pharmacy degree in 2007 and a Master of Pharmacy degree in 2010 both from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka in Nigeria. He is about to complete his PhD in the same institution. He is currently lecturing in the Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria, where he teaches dispensing, pharmaceutical calculations, and some aspects of physical pharmaceutics. He is presently researching on ways of improving the oral bioavailability of some poorly soluble drugs, with limited systemic absorption using solid lipid micro and nanocarriers.
Chinazom Agbo is a lecturer in the Department of Pharmaceutics at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. She earned a Bachelor of Pharmacy and Master of Pharmacy degrees from the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in the same University. Chinazom’s desire to explore other fields of Pharmacy practice in order to gain experience and exposure led to her working briefly as a hospital and community pharmacist and as a commercial representative with GlaxoSmithKline Nigeria Limited. As a researcher, her interest is in the development and evaluation of novel drug delivery systems and in discovering African herbs for treating diseases and as raw materials in pharmaceutical operations. Chinazom currently teaches undergraduate students alongside doing her PhD program. She is a member of Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria (PSN) and National Association of Pharmacists in Academia (NAPA). She presently resides in Nsukka, Enugu State Nigeria and can be contacted at
chinazom.agbo@unn.edu.ng .Joy Reginald-Opara is a pharmacist currently working as a research assistant under the Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. She graduated top of her class in 2010, from the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, where she obtained her Bachelor’s degree in Pharmacy with first class honors. Recently, she received her Master’s degree in Physical Pharmaceutics with first class honors (2014), from the same university. Joy’s current areas of research interest are in drug delivery sciences including controlled drug delivery systems, drug solubilisation techniques, targeted drug delivery systems and nanomedicines (using lipids and/or polymers) especially for treating tropical diseases like malaria, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, etc.
Franklin Kenechukwu is a lecturer in the Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN). He obtained his Bachelor of Pharmacy (B Pharm) and Master of Pharmacy (M Pharm) degrees in 2007 and 2012, respectively, from UNN. He is currently running his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Degree program (specialty: Drug Delivery) in same institution. He has supervised and co-supervised more than ten undergraduate Project students in the Department of Pharmaceutics, UNN. In addition, he has published several articles in areas of drug delivery and formulation in both national and international journals, and has contributed several chapters in printed books as well as a chapter titled ‘Nanoemulsions – Advances in formulation, characterization and applications in drug delivery’ in published electronic book and has served as reviewer to reputable journals. Currently, he is the Secretary, Departmental Research Grants Committee, Department of Pharmaceutics, UNN.
Abstract
Surface modified self-nanoemulsifying formulations (SNEFs) loaded with gentamicin were formulated using suitable blends of soybean oil, a mixture of Kolliphor® P188 and Kolliphor® EL as surfactants, and Transcutol® HP as co-surfactant, and administered orally to white albino rats for evaluation of anti-pneumococcal activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Droplet size and zeta potential measurements showed that SNEFs had mean droplet sizes in the range of 80.7±0.5–210.2±0.0, and were stable with mean zeta potential in the range of –25.2±3.0 to –42.5±1.3 mV. Preliminary screening against S. pneumoniae in vitro revealed that gentamicin-loaded SNEFs had better bacterial inhibition than the standard drug, and at a low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2.5 mg/mL. Gentamicin delivered into cerebrospinal fluid of rats from orally administered SNEFs produced a prolonged and enhanced activity against S. pneumoniae at a dose of 7 mg/kg than the standard drug at the same dose. Hence, results from this study showed that the activity of gentamicin against S. pneumoniae was improved by formulation as surface modified SNEFs.
About the authors
Chukwuebuka Umeyor is a lecturer in the Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. He obtained his Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm) in 2007 and a Master of Pharmacy (MPharm) in Drug Delivery and Formulation Science in 2010 both from University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. He has just defended his Doctoral thesis for the award of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. His doctoral research is on the use of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) and nanotechnology to enhance clinical applications of drugs. He has several publications in reputable peer-reviewed local and international journals, and has taught courses in different areas of Physical Pharmaceutics and Formulation Science. This work is part of his PhD research.
Anthony Attama is a Professor in the Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. His research interests include development and formulation of novel delivery systems of bioactive agents for the control of tropical diseases, pharmaceutical raw materials development and quality control of pharmaceuticals. He has received many international research grants and awards from major funding bodies such as: the International Foundation for Science (IFS) and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (AvH). He is a member of Editorial Board for many national and international journals. He has coauthored many books, contributed many book chapters and has many articles published in peer-reviewed journals and has attended many conferences. All the authors of this work are members of his research group.
Emmanuel Uronnachi obtained a Bachelor of Pharmacy degree in 2007 and a Master of Pharmacy degree in 2010 both from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka in Nigeria. He is about to complete his PhD in the same institution. He is currently lecturing in the Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria, where he teaches dispensing, pharmaceutical calculations, and some aspects of physical pharmaceutics. He is presently researching on ways of improving the oral bioavailability of some poorly soluble drugs, with limited systemic absorption using solid lipid micro and nanocarriers.
Chinazom Agbo is a lecturer in the Department of Pharmaceutics at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. She earned a Bachelor of Pharmacy and Master of Pharmacy degrees from the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in the same University. Chinazom’s desire to explore other fields of Pharmacy practice in order to gain experience and exposure led to her working briefly as a hospital and community pharmacist and as a commercial representative with GlaxoSmithKline Nigeria Limited. As a researcher, her interest is in the development and evaluation of novel drug delivery systems and in discovering African herbs for treating diseases and as raw materials in pharmaceutical operations. Chinazom currently teaches undergraduate students alongside doing her PhD program. She is a member of Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria (PSN) and National Association of Pharmacists in Academia (NAPA). She presently resides in Nsukka, Enugu State Nigeria and can be contacted at chinazom.agbo@unn.edu.ng.
Joy Reginald-Opara is a pharmacist currently working as a research assistant under the Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. She graduated top of her class in 2010, from the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, where she obtained her Bachelor’s degree in Pharmacy with first class honors. Recently, she received her Master’s degree in Physical Pharmaceutics with first class honors (2014), from the same university. Joy’s current areas of research interest are in drug delivery sciences including controlled drug delivery systems, drug solubilisation techniques, targeted drug delivery systems and nanomedicines (using lipids and/or polymers) especially for treating tropical diseases like malaria, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, etc.
Franklin Kenechukwu is a lecturer in the Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN). He obtained his Bachelor of Pharmacy (B Pharm) and Master of Pharmacy (M Pharm) degrees in 2007 and 2012, respectively, from UNN. He is currently running his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Degree program (specialty: Drug Delivery) in same institution. He has supervised and co-supervised more than ten undergraduate Project students in the Department of Pharmaceutics, UNN. In addition, he has published several articles in areas of drug delivery and formulation in both national and international journals, and has contributed several chapters in printed books as well as a chapter titled ‘Nanoemulsions – Advances in formulation, characterization and applications in drug delivery’ in published electronic book and has served as reviewer to reputable journals. Currently, he is the Secretary, Departmental Research Grants Committee, Department of Pharmaceutics, UNN.
Acknowledgments
We thank Juhel Parenterals, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria for providing the pure gentamicin sample used in this study. We thank Carl Roth, Germany for the kind gift of PEG 4000. We also appreciate Gattefossé, Saint-Priest Cedex, France for the kind provision of Transcutol® HP and Maisine®35-1 oil. We also thank BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany for the kind gifts of Kolliphor® EL, Kolliphor® RH and Kolliphor® P 188.
Declaration of interest: The authors state no conflicts of interest and have received no funding either for the research or in the preparation of the original manuscript.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- In this issue
- What’s Up?
- What’s up in nanomedicine?
- Special section Radionanomedicine
- Guest Editorial
- Radionanomedicine
- Review
- Translational radionanomedicine: a clinical perspective
- Perspective
- A potentially versatile nano-platform
- Regular contributions
- Original Articles
- Preparation and characterization of nanoparticles composed of methylated N-(4-N,N-dimethyl aminobenzyl) chitosan for oral delivery of cyclosporine A
- Formulation of gentamicin as surface modified self-nanoemulsifying formulations (SNEFs) improves its anti-pneumococcal activity
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- In this issue
- What’s Up?
- What’s up in nanomedicine?
- Special section Radionanomedicine
- Guest Editorial
- Radionanomedicine
- Review
- Translational radionanomedicine: a clinical perspective
- Perspective
- A potentially versatile nano-platform
- Regular contributions
- Original Articles
- Preparation and characterization of nanoparticles composed of methylated N-(4-N,N-dimethyl aminobenzyl) chitosan for oral delivery of cyclosporine A
- Formulation of gentamicin as surface modified self-nanoemulsifying formulations (SNEFs) improves its anti-pneumococcal activity
