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Reference values of fecal calgranulin C (S100A12) in school aged children and adolescents

  • Anke Heida ORCID logo , Anneke C. Muller Kobold , Lucie Wagenmakers , Koos van de Belt and Patrick F. van Rheenen EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: July 14, 2017
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Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)
From the journal Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) Volume 56 Issue 1

Abstract

Background:

Calgranulin C (S100A12) is an emerging marker of inflammation. It is exclusively released by activated neutrophils which makes this marker potentially more specific for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) compared to established stool markers including calprotectin and lactoferrin. We aimed to establish a reference value for S100A12 in healthy children and investigated whether S100A12 levels can discriminate children with IBD from healthy controls.

Methods:

In a prospective community-based reference interval study we collected 122 stool samples from healthy children aged 5–19 years. Additionally, feces samples of 41 children with suspected IBD (who were later confirmed by endoscopy to have IBD) were collected. Levels of S100A12 were measured with a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Inflamark®). The limit of detection was 0.22 μg/g.

Results:

The upper reference limit in healthy children was 0.75 μg/g (90% confidence interval: 0.30–1.40). Median S100A12 levels were significantly higher in patients with IBD (8.00 μg/g [interquartile range (IQR) 2.5–11.6] compared to healthy controls [0.22 μg/g (IQR<0.22); p<0.001]). The best cutoff point based on receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.33 μg/g (sensitivity 93%; specificity 97%).

Conclusions:

Children and teenagers with newly diagnosed IBD have significantly higher S100A12 results compared to healthy individuals. We demonstrate that fecal S100A12 shows diagnostic promise under ideal testing conditions. Future studies need to address whether S100A12 can discriminate children with IBD from non-organic disease in a prospective cohort with chronic gastrointestinal complaints, and how S100A12 performs in comparison with established stool markers.

Keywords: adolescent; child; inflammatory bowel disease; reference value; S100A12 protein; S100 proteins

Article note:

An interim analysis of this study was orally presented at the ESPGHAN Annual Meeting in Athens in 2016.

Corresponding author: Patrick F. van Rheenen, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Internal Code CA 31, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands, Phone: +31 30 3614147

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Hanna van Rheenen (a student from Werkman Stadslyceum Groningen) for enthusing her fellow students to send in a stool sample, and all volunteers (and parents) who sent in a stool sample.

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: This study was supported by CisBio Bioassay, Codolet, France (developer and producer of Inflamark®). Trial registry: Clinical trials.gov NCT02588222.

  3. Employment or leadership: None declared.

  4. Honorarium: None declared.

  5. Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.

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Supplemental Material:

The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2017-0152) offers supplementary material, available to authorized users.

Received: 2017-2-22
Accepted: 2017-4-25
Published Online: 2017-7-14
Published in Print: 2017-11-27

©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2017-0152
Keywords for this article
adolescent; child; inflammatory bowel disease; reference value; S100A12 protein; S100 proteins

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. Method comparison – a practical approach based on error identification
  4. Review
  5. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a risk marker in cardiovascular disease
  6. Mini Reviews
  7. α-Defensin point-of-care test for diagnosis of prosthetic joint infections: neglected role of laboratory and clinical pathologists
  8. The diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers for diagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)-negative PBC patients: a review of literature
  9. Opinion Paper
  10. New issues on measurement of B-type natriuretic peptides
  11. Genetics and Molecular Diagnostics
  12. The SEeMORE strategy: single-tube electrophoresis analysis-based genotyping to detect monogenic diseases rapidly and effectively from conception until birth
  13. General Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
  14. Determination of serum calcium levels by 42Ca isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
  15. The effects of dry ice exposure on plasma pH and coagulation analyses
  16. Placental protein-13 (PP13) in combination with PAPP-A and free leptin index (fLI) in first trimester maternal serum screening for severe and early preeclampsia
  17. Circulating CD89-IgA complex does not predict deterioration of kidney function in Korean patients with IgA nephropathy
  18. Performance analysis of automated evaluation of Crithidia luciliae-based indirect immunofluorescence tests in a routine setting – strengths and weaknesses
  19. Performance of automated digital cell imaging analyzer Sysmex DI-60
  20. Reference Values and Biological Variations
  21. Determination of reference intervals for urinary steroid profiling using a newly validated GC-MS/MS method
  22. Reference intervals and longitudinal changes in copeptin and MR-proADM concentrations during pregnancy
  23. Definition of the upper reference limit of glycated albumin in blood donors from Italy
  24. Reference values of fecal calgranulin C (S100A12) in school aged children and adolescents
  25. Processing-independent proANP measurement for low concentrations in plasma: reference intervals and effect of body mass index and plasma glucose
  26. Cancer Diagnostics
  27. Cancer sniffer dogs: how can we translate this peculiarity in laboratory medicine? Results of a pilot study on gastrointestinal cancers
  28. Cardiovascular Diseases
  29. NGAL and MMP-9/NGAL as biomarkers of plaque vulnerability and targets of statins in patients with carotid atherosclerosis
  30. Analytical evaluation of the new Beckman Coulter Access high sensitivity cardiac troponin I immunoassay
  31. Infectious Diseases
  32. Analytical evaluation of the performances of Diazyme and BRAHMS procalcitonin applied to Roche Cobas in comparison with BRAHMS PCT-sensitive Kryptor
  33. Effects of procalcitonin testing on antibiotic use and clinical outcomes in patients with upper respiratory tract infections. An individual patient data meta-analysis
  34. Acknowledgment
  35. Letters to the Editor
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  37. Reply to: Analytical evaluation of the performances of Diazyme and BRAHMS procalcitonin applied to Roche Cobas in comparison with BRAHMS PCT-sensitive Kryptor
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