Coffee consumption, serum γ-glutamyltransferase, and glucose tolerance status in middle-aged Japanese men
-
Tatsuo Hiramatsu
, Osamu Tajima
Abstract
Background: Recently, coffee consumption has been related to decreased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) among those with high levels of serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT). We examined the association between coffee and glucose tolerance, determined by a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, and the effect modification of serum GGT on the association.
Methods: The study subjects were 5320 men aged 46–60 years who received a health examination at two Self-Defense Forces hospitals from January 1997 to March 2004. Those medicated for DM were excluded. Coffee consumption was classified into <1, 1–2, 3–4, and ≥5 cups/day. Statistical adjustment was made for age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, leisure-time physical activity, green tea consumption, parental diabetes, hospital, and rank in the Self-Defense Forces.
Results: Men with normal glucose tolerance, isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), combined IFG/IGT, and type 2 DM numbered 3384, 398, 790, 348, and 400, respectively. The prevalence odds of isolated IGT, combined IFG/IGT, and type 2 DM, but not of isolated IFG, decreased with increasing consumption of coffee. An inverse association with coffee was observed for isolated IGT in both low (≤40 IU/L) and high (>40 IU/L) GGT groups, and for combined IFG/IGT and type 2 DM in the latter group.
Conclusions: Coffee drinking is protective against glucose intolerance. A possible effect modification of GGT on the coffee-DM association warrants further studies.
This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aids for Scientific Research (A) (21249044) from the Japan Society of the Promotion of Science. The authors gratefully acknowledge supportive work by ward nurses at the Self-Defense Forces Fukuoka and Kumamoto Hospitals.
Conflict of interest statement
Authors’ conflict of interest disclosure: The authors stated that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
References
1. Shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010;87:4–14.10.1016/j.diabres.2009.10.007Search in Google Scholar
2. Hu FB. Globalization of diabetes: the role of diet, lifestyle, and genes. Diabetes Care 2011;34:1249–57.10.2337/dc11-0442Search in Google Scholar PubMed
3. van Dam RM. The epidemiology of lifestyle and risk for type 2 diabetes. Eur J Epidemiol 2003;18:1115–25.10.1023/B:EJEP.0000006612.70245.24Search in Google Scholar
4. van Dam RM, Feskens EJ. Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lancet 2002;360:1477–8.10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11436-XSearch in Google Scholar
5. van Dam RM, Hu FB. Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. J Am Med Assoc 2005;294: 97–104.10.1001/jama.294.1.97Search in Google Scholar PubMed
6. Huxley R, Lee CM, Barzi F, Timmermeister L, Czernichow S, Perkovic V, et al. Coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and tea consumption in relation to incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2009;169:2053–63.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=000272625800003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f310.1001/archinternmed.2009.439Search in Google Scholar PubMed
7. Agardh EE, Carlsson S, Ahlbom A, Efendic S, Grill V, Hammar N, et al. Coffee consumption, type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in Swedish men and women. J Intern Med 2004;255:645–52.10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01331.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
8. Yamaji T, Mizoue T, Tabata S, Ogawa S, Yamaguchi K, Shimizu E, et al. Coffee consumption and glucose tolerance status in middle-aged Japanese men. Diabetologia 2004;47:2145–51.10.1007/s00125-004-1590-5Search in Google Scholar PubMed
9. van Dam RM, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Stehouwer CD, Bouter LM, Heine RJ. Coffee consumption and incidence of impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetes: the Hoorn Study. Diabetologia 2004;47:2152–9.10.1007/s00125-004-1573-6Search in Google Scholar PubMed
10. Evans JL, Goldfine ID, Maddux BA, Grodsky GM. Are oxidative stress-activated signaling pathways mediators of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction? Diabetes 2003;52:1–8.10.2337/diabetes.52.1.1Search in Google Scholar PubMed
11. Houstis N, Rosen ED, Lander ES. Reactive oxygen species have a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance. Nature 2006;440:944–8.10.1038/nature04634Search in Google Scholar PubMed
12. Higdon JV, Frei B. Coffee and health: a review of recent human research. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2006;46:101–23.10.1080/10408390500400009Search in Google Scholar
13. Natella F, Scaccini C. Role of coffee in modulation of diabetes risk. Nutr Rev 2012;70:207–17.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=000302058000002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f310.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00470.xSearch in Google Scholar
14. Tunnicliffe JM, Shearer J. Coffee, glucose homeostasis, and insulin resistance: physiological mechanisms and mediators. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2008;33:1290–300.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=000261809300026&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f3Search in Google Scholar PubMed
15. Lee DH, Silventoinen K, Jacobs DR, Jr., Jousilahti P, Tuomileto J. Gamma-Glutamyltransferase, obesity, and the risk of type 2 diabetes: observational cohort study among 20,158 middle-aged men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:5410–4.10.1210/jc.2004-0505Search in Google Scholar
16. Fraser A, Harris R, Sattar N, Ebrahim S, Davey Smith G, Lawlor DA. Alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and incident diabetes: the British Women’s Heart and Health Study and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2009;32:741–50.10.2337/dc08-1870Search in Google Scholar PubMed
17. Targher G. Elevated serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity is associated with increased risk of mortality, incident type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular events, chronic kidney disease and cancer – a narrative review. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48: 147–57.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=000274286000001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f310.1515/CCLM.2010.031Search in Google Scholar PubMed
18. Lim JS, Yang JH, Chun BY, Kam S, Jacobs DR, Jr., Lee DH. Is serum gamma-glutamyltransferase inversely associated with serum antioxidants as a marker of oxidative stress? Free Radic Biol Med 2004;37:1018–23.10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.06.032Search in Google Scholar
19. Lee DH, Jacobs DR, Jr. Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase: new insights about an old enzyme. J Epidemiol Community Health 2009;63:884–6.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=000270726800006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f3Search in Google Scholar PubMed
20. Bidel S, Silventoinen K, Hu G, Lee DH, Kaprio J, Tuomilehto J. Coffee consumption, serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and risk of type II diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr 2008;62:178–85.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=000252932900004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f310.1038/sj.ejcn.1602712Search in Google Scholar PubMed
21. Honjo S, Kono S, Coleman MP, Shinchi K, Sakurai Y, Todoroki I, et al. Coffee drinking and serum gamma-glutamyltransferase: an extended study of Self-Defense Officials of Japan. Ann Epidemiol 1999;9:325–31.10.1016/S1047-2797(99)00013-7Search in Google Scholar PubMed
22. Honjo S, Kono S, Coleman MP, Shinchi K, Sakurai Y, Todoroki I, et al. Coffee consumption and serum aminotransferases in middle-aged Japanese men. J Clin Epidemiol 2001;54:823–9.10.1016/S0895-4356(01)00344-4Search in Google Scholar PubMed
23. World Health Organization, International Diabetes Federation. Definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and intermediate hyperglycemia: report of a WHO/IDF consultation. Geneva: WHO Press, 2006:3.Search in Google Scholar
24. Ohmura T, Ueda K, Kiyohara Y, Kato I, Iwamoto H, Nakayama K, et al. Prevalence of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in the Japanese general population: the Hisayama Study. Diabetologia 1993;36: 1198–203.10.1007/BF00401066Search in Google Scholar PubMed
25. Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan. A report of the National Diabetes Survey, 2002. Tokyo: Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan, 2004:20. [Japanese].Search in Google Scholar
©2013 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Letters to the Editor
- Evaluation of a novel room temperature RNA storage tube for use in a real-time quantitative PCR assay
- Evaluation of the Universal Master Mix (STAT-NAT DNA-Mix) for reliable molecular testing
- HbA1c: performance of the Sebia Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing
- A case of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS): type IgD-lambda
- Evidence-based use of serum protein electrophoresis in laboratory medicine
- Plasma volume shifts during multiday racing
- Structured handoff at shift change in a clinical laboratory increases patient safety
- Instrument-dependent interference of Howell-Jolly bodies in reticulocyte enumeration
- Reply to Gore et al.: Plasma volume shift during multiday racing
- Recommendations for appropriate serum electrophoresis requests: the Italian approach
- Masthead
- Masthead
- Editorials
- Biomarkers for sepsis: an unfinished journey
- Laboratory demand management of repetitive testing – time for harmonisation and an evidenced based approach
- Reviews
- Non-invasive prenatal diagnostics of aneuploidy using next-generation DNA sequencing technologies, and clinical considerations
- The diagnostic utility of brain natriuretic peptide in heart failure patients presenting with acute dyspnea: a meta-analysis
- Opinion Paper
- Opinion paper on innovative approach of biomarkers for infectious diseases and sepsis management in the emergency department
- Genetics and Molecular Diagnostics
- Microarray with LNA-probes for genotyping of polymorphic variants of Gilbert’s syndrome gene UGT1A1(TA)n
- Selection of the optimal manual method of cell free fetal DNA isolation from maternal plasma
- A multiplex assay to rapidly exclude HLA-DQ2.5 and HLA-DQ8 expression in patients at risk for celiac disease
- Low cost biosensor-based molecular differential diagnosis of α-thalassemia (Southeast Asia deletion)
- General Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
- Managing laboratory test ordering through test frequency filtering
- Critical review of laboratory investigations in clinical practice guidelines: proposals for the description of investigation
- Long-term stability of laboratory tests and practical implications for quality management
- Coffee consumption, serum γ-glutamyltransferase, and glucose tolerance status in middle-aged Japanese men
- Biological variation and prognosis usefulness of new biomarkers in liver transplantation
- Switching between parathormone (PTH) assays: the impact on the diagnosis of renal osteodystrophy
- A comparison between two different in vitro basophil activation tests for gluten- and cow’s milk protein sensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like patients
- A proficiency testing program of hemoglobin analysis in prevention and control of severe hemoglobinopathies in Thailand
- Advancing haemostasis automation – successful implementation of robotic centrifugation and sample processing in a tertiary service hospital
- ADAM12s and PP13 as first trimester screening markers for adverse pregnancy outcome
- Analysis of serous body fluids using the CELL-DYN Sapphire hematology analyzer
- Cancer Diagnostics
- Association and prognostic value of serum inflammation markers in patients with leukoplakia and oral cavity cancer
- Do laboratories follow heart failure recommendations and guidelines and did we improve? The CARdiac MArker Guideline Uptake in Europe (CARMAGUE)
- Cardiovascular Diseases
- Additional diagnostic and prognostic value of copeptin ultra-sensitive for diagnosis of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction in older patients presenting to the emergency department1)
- Moderate elevations of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and B-type natriuretic peptide in chronic hemodialysis patients are associated with mortality
Articles in the same Issue
- Letters to the Editor
- Evaluation of a novel room temperature RNA storage tube for use in a real-time quantitative PCR assay
- Evaluation of the Universal Master Mix (STAT-NAT DNA-Mix) for reliable molecular testing
- HbA1c: performance of the Sebia Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing
- A case of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS): type IgD-lambda
- Evidence-based use of serum protein electrophoresis in laboratory medicine
- Plasma volume shifts during multiday racing
- Structured handoff at shift change in a clinical laboratory increases patient safety
- Instrument-dependent interference of Howell-Jolly bodies in reticulocyte enumeration
- Reply to Gore et al.: Plasma volume shift during multiday racing
- Recommendations for appropriate serum electrophoresis requests: the Italian approach
- Masthead
- Masthead
- Editorials
- Biomarkers for sepsis: an unfinished journey
- Laboratory demand management of repetitive testing – time for harmonisation and an evidenced based approach
- Reviews
- Non-invasive prenatal diagnostics of aneuploidy using next-generation DNA sequencing technologies, and clinical considerations
- The diagnostic utility of brain natriuretic peptide in heart failure patients presenting with acute dyspnea: a meta-analysis
- Opinion Paper
- Opinion paper on innovative approach of biomarkers for infectious diseases and sepsis management in the emergency department
- Genetics and Molecular Diagnostics
- Microarray with LNA-probes for genotyping of polymorphic variants of Gilbert’s syndrome gene UGT1A1(TA)n
- Selection of the optimal manual method of cell free fetal DNA isolation from maternal plasma
- A multiplex assay to rapidly exclude HLA-DQ2.5 and HLA-DQ8 expression in patients at risk for celiac disease
- Low cost biosensor-based molecular differential diagnosis of α-thalassemia (Southeast Asia deletion)
- General Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
- Managing laboratory test ordering through test frequency filtering
- Critical review of laboratory investigations in clinical practice guidelines: proposals for the description of investigation
- Long-term stability of laboratory tests and practical implications for quality management
- Coffee consumption, serum γ-glutamyltransferase, and glucose tolerance status in middle-aged Japanese men
- Biological variation and prognosis usefulness of new biomarkers in liver transplantation
- Switching between parathormone (PTH) assays: the impact on the diagnosis of renal osteodystrophy
- A comparison between two different in vitro basophil activation tests for gluten- and cow’s milk protein sensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like patients
- A proficiency testing program of hemoglobin analysis in prevention and control of severe hemoglobinopathies in Thailand
- Advancing haemostasis automation – successful implementation of robotic centrifugation and sample processing in a tertiary service hospital
- ADAM12s and PP13 as first trimester screening markers for adverse pregnancy outcome
- Analysis of serous body fluids using the CELL-DYN Sapphire hematology analyzer
- Cancer Diagnostics
- Association and prognostic value of serum inflammation markers in patients with leukoplakia and oral cavity cancer
- Do laboratories follow heart failure recommendations and guidelines and did we improve? The CARdiac MArker Guideline Uptake in Europe (CARMAGUE)
- Cardiovascular Diseases
- Additional diagnostic and prognostic value of copeptin ultra-sensitive for diagnosis of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction in older patients presenting to the emergency department1)
- Moderate elevations of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and B-type natriuretic peptide in chronic hemodialysis patients are associated with mortality